Lung Volumes And Capacities -Rogers

Question 1

Spirometry

Answer 1

Measuring breathing to know how much you inhale and exhale

Question 2

Tidal volume and how much is normal

Answer 2

Normal volume you breath in and out (quiet breathing)

*= 500mL

Question 3

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 3

The extra volume you breath in during deep inhale (not including tidal volume in)
Can change with lung compliance (flexibility of wall) + posture

Question 4

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 4

Deep inhale volume including tidal volume in

Question 5

Residual Volume

Normal amount

Answer 5

Volume in lung left after deep exhale
Double tidal volume = 1000mL
Changes with disease, cant be seen on spirometry
= if reached its wind knocked out from you

Question 6

Expiratory reserve volume

Normal amount

Answer 6

Volume of air moving out from lung after deep exhale not including tidal volume out
(Expiration capacity would include tidal volume out)
= double tidal volume = 1000mL

Question 7

Vital Capacity

Answer 7

Total volume of air from deepest inhale to deepest exhale

Question 8

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 8

Total amount of volume of air inhaled deeply and exhaled deeply including the reserved volume still left in the lungs
= ERV + IRV + TV + RV
Can not be seen on spirometry

Question 9

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 9

Volume of deep exhale (not including tidal volume out) to the end of residual volume = expiratory reserve volume + reserve volume
* volume left in lung during normal Tidal volume exhale
= not seen on spirometry

Question 10

Biggest part of TLC

Answer 10

IRV

Question 11

What is similar to FVC

Answer 11

Vital capacity

Question 12

What decreases FVC (VC) and RV

Answer 12

Age

Question 13

Reduction in FCV happens when

Answer 13

Laying on back

Question 14

Other factors effecting volumes in lungs

Answer 14

Body size, sex, ethnicity, obesity, pulmonary disease

Question 15

Obesity causes what to lung volumes

Answer 15

Decrease all volumes (esp ERV + FRC)

No decease in Tidal volume

Question 16

Age and lung volume

OLD and YOUNG

Answer 16

YOUNG
OLD = decreased Vital capacity and ERV, increased RV
Increase in FRC(due to higher increased RV)
(SAME TLC IN BOTH)

Question 17

Posture and lung volume

Seated vs supine (lowest)

Answer 17

Seated = 
HIGHER TLC
HIGHER VC
RV is the same 
(Also higher FCV, ERV, little lower IC)

Question 18

Obesity and lung volume

Answer 18

LOWER FRC and ERV
Everything else is same
= LOWER TLC AND VC*

Question 19

Emphysema

Answer 19

Alveoli destroyed (and loose capillaries) ballon (stretchy and flexible) becomes a trash bag 
= emphysema fills lungs up easily , HARD time blowing out

Question 20

Emphysema and lung volume

Answer 20

HIGHER TCL* AND RV*

LOWER VC* AND ERV

Question 21

Emphysema is what type of lung problem

Answer 21

Obstructive

Question 22

Fibrosis is what type of lung problem

Answer 22

Restrictive

Question 23

Fibrosis

Answer 23

Thickening of the alveoli tissue (alveoli is more like a balloon in water or whoopee cushion = hard to get air in, hard to push, however ones done air gets out with harder force)
= hard to expand lung cavity

Question 24

Fibrosis lung volume

Answer 24

DECREASE TLC* and RV* and VC*

Question 25

How to measure RV | Helium dilution

Answer 25

Do a He dilution inhalation Change in concentration of known volume = FRV* TLC = FRV + Inhalation capacity RV = FRV - ERV

Question 26

How to measure RV | Body plethysmography

Answer 26

Enclosed box that patient sits inside P in lungs change causes P in box to change USE P1V1=P2V2*

Question 27

How to measure RV | Nitrogen Washout technique

Answer 27

Determine dead space by 1. patient breathing in 100% O2 2. All expired gas is collected until N2 = 0 3. V (expired) x (N2% in expired air) = 80% is normal air N2 percentage = RV

Question 28

Pulmonary Dead Space | How to measure it

Answer 28

``` TV = V(a) +V(d) V(a) = volume doing gas exchange in alveoli V(d) = volume not doing gas exchange in conducting airways (dead space) ```

Question 29

Pulmonary dead space is what

Answer 29

Air volume that is part of the tidal volume inhaled and exhaled and is not participating in gas exchange (stays in conducting airway)

Question 30

Physiological Dead Space | How to calculate it

Answer 30

= Anatomical Dead space + Alveolar Dead space | * measure with CO2 pressure

Question 31

Anatomical dead space | And amount in normal

Answer 31

Air in conducting airways (never gets to alveoli) | Usually 1mL per body weight lb (so mine is 118mL)

Question 32

Alveolar Dead Space | And Normal amount

Answer 32

Should be 0mL Air left in the alveoli after breathing out or in not doing gas exchange So normally physiologic dead space = anatomical dead space

Question 33

Alveolar dead space in smoker

Answer 33

Can increase physiological dead space due to increased destruction of alveoli causing increased alveolar dead space *also increases in emphysema I think