Lungs 4 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Compare lung volumes standing vs supine
Supine - inc IRV and dec ERV; inc IC and dec FRC
What is the FRC when standing vs supine?
Supine - 2L
Standing - 3L
What can advanced spirometry measure that basic can’t?
RV, FRC, TLC
What is the gas used to measure RV in advanced spirometry? Why?
Helium - cheap, inert, negligible amount in the atmosphere
Why aren’t other noble gases used for advanced spirometry?
Neon, argon, and xenon - expensive
Radon - reactive in ground (2nd cause of lung cancer)
_______ is the difference in compliance between inspiration and expiration
Hysteresis
When replacing air with saline in the lungs, how does compliance change?
higher compliance, lower hysteresis d/t dec surface tension
How does obstructive lung disease impact pulmonary compliance?
Inc lung volume, inc compliance, dec PTP, dec tissue recoil - hard to exhale
How does restrictive lung disease impact pulmonary compliance?
Dec lung volume, dec compliance, inc PTP, inc tissue recoil - hard to inhale
What are the vital capacities of a normal, obstructive, and restrictive lung?
Normal - 4.5 L
Obstructive - 6 L
Restrictive - 3 L
Emphysema is an example of ______ lung disease, while fibrosis is an example of _______ lung disease
Obstructive, restrictive
What are the 2 components of elastic recoil pressure? Which contributes more?
1/3 elastic tissue
2/3 surface tension
What is the relationship between lung volume and airway resistance?
Inc lung volume = dec airway resistance (inc diameter)
Alveoli open with ________, while large airways open with ________
inc volume
dec/neg pleural pressure
Surfactant ______ surface tension, ________ compliance
breaks, increasing
Surfactant is made up of __% lipids and __% proteins
90% lipids, 10% proteins
Surfactant lipids are ________, meaning they attract and repel water
amphipathic
What are the 2 main surfactant lipids called?
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
Unsaturated phosphatidylcholine
- both 31% each
What are the 9 lipids that make up surfactant?
- Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
- Unsaturated phosphatidylcholine
- Phosphatidylglycerol
- Phosphatidylinositol
- Phosphatidylserine
- Phosphatidylethanolamine
- Sphingomyelin
- Neutral lipids
- Other lipids
What are the roles of surfactant lipids?
Lower surface tension and change proliferation and cytotoxicity of lymphocytes
What are the roles of surfactant proteins?
- Enhance chemotaxis and phagocytosis
- Aggregation and opsonization of micro-organisms
- Inhibit the growth of pathogens
Which surfactant proteins are hydrophilic? Hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic - SP-A and SP-D
Hydrophobic - SP-B and SP-C
______ cells are mucous-secreting cells in the upper airway
Goblet
______ cells are surfactant-secreting cells in the lower airway
Clara/club
