lungs and thorax

Question 1

scapula usually ends at

Answer 1

the 7th rib

Question 2

axillary line

Answer 2

closer to armpit
then midclavicular line

midline = midsternal line (MSL)

Question 3

ribs after 7

Answer 3

8.9.10 attch to cartilage above

11 and 12 are free floating

Question 4

right main bronchus vs left main bronchus

Answer 4

right main is basically straight so if you apirate something - can go right into the lung

left - more at an ablge - less likely to get stuck and asirate

Question 5

right lung lobes

Answer 5

3

Question 6

hear which lobes

Answer 6

upper - anterior

lower - posterior

Question 7

deep breathe in

Answer 7

lungs contract

Question 8

structures included in the respiratory

Answer 8

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 9

primary role of lungs

Answer 9

distribute air and blood flow for gas exchange

Question 10

internal vs external respiration

Answer 10

internal = cellular respiration - utalization of oxygen by cells

external = exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between organisms and the external environment

Question 11

breathing is what 3 basic things

Answer 11

automatic
rhythmic
a centrally regulated mechanical process

Question 12

primary muscles involed in breathing

Answer 12

diaphragm

intercostals

Question 13

accessory muscles involved in breathing

Answer 13

abdominals
scalenes
sternocleidomastod
some back muscle s

Question 14

exchange of gases - explain

Answer 14

exchange of gases in the alveoli depend entirely on the diffusion of gases across membranes and is controlled by the partial pressures of the respective gases on either side of the alveolar membrane

Question 15

steps of respiration 1-5

Answer 15

1. exhange of air between atmosphere and lungs
2. o2 and co2 alveoli exchange by diffusion
3. 02 and CO2 transport via pulmonary and systemic circulations
4. o2 and CO2 excahnge in tissue capillaries
5. cellular utilization

Question 16

speed of gas diffusion

Answer 16

across the membranes is controlled by several factors - MOST IMP one is the partial pressure in each compartment

high partial to low partial

Question 17

lung examination includes

Answer 17

inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation

Question 18

regular rate

Answer 18

12 / min

Question 19

tachypnea vs bradypnea

Answer 19

rapid vs slow breathing

Question 20

hyperventilation

Answer 20

rapid deep breathing

Question 21

cheyne- stokes breathin

Answer 21

periods of deep apnea alterante with deep breathing

Question 22

fremitus is

Answer 22

palpable vibrations

Question 23

percussion break down

Answer 23

resonane - if palpating lungs - when between the ribs

if hyper - collapsed lungs

dullness - may have some type of pneumonia - b/c consolidated

if below dipragm - will be dull sound

knuckles on skin itself
- in betwenn ribs

Question 24

patient takes breathe in where do lungs go

Answer 24

lungs drop down

will become resonance again

Question 25

pattern for percussion and auscultation

Answer 25

latter | and compare one side to other

Question 26

Abnormal lung findings and what it signifies

Answer 26

crackles - CHF wheezes - asthma decreased breath sounds - pneumonia, pneumothorax rhnochi - secretion in the airway, bronchitis egophony - the letter E is heard as A bronchophony - sounds are transmitted louder and clearer pectoriloquy - whispered sounds are heard louder and clearer

Question 27

describe asthma

Answer 27

obstructive pulmonary disease constriction of the bronchi inflammation / mucus secretions in the bronchi

Question 28

asthma can present with

Answer 28

dyspnea - shortness of breath tightness in the chest cough

Question 29

asthma physical exam findings / during attack may be

Answer 29

``` tachypnea - rapid breathing labored breathing expiratory wheezing occasionally productive cough pulmonary function test FEV1/ FVC ```

Question 30

pneumonia

Answer 30

acute inflammtion of the lungs decreased breathe sounds INCREASED FREMITUS, esophony (e to a), and pectoriloquy dullness to percussion

Question 31

pneumothorax

Answer 31

collapse of lung decreased or absent breathe sounds HYPERrresonance on percussion

Question 32

decreased fremitus with

Answer 32

emphysema

Question 33

emphysema

Answer 33

OVER inflation of the lungs destruction of the alveolar wall of the distal air spaces decreased breath sound decreased fremitus obstructive disease

Question 34

CHF characteristics

Answer 34

``` pulmonary edema in the left sided heart failure crackles at bas of the lungs dysnpnea - shortness of breathe orthopnea - difficulty when laying fown paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea ```

Question 35

physical exam of CHF

Answer 35

heart rate - prob low due to medication on beta blocker systolic heart murmer - aortic stenosis displacement of point of maximal impulse - due to enlarged heart crackles on lung exam peripheral edema ascites

Question 36

displacement of PMI?

Answer 36

point of maximal impulse e

Question 37

peripheral edema occurs with

Answer 37

right sided heart failure - usually due to left sided heart failure

Question 38

left sided heart failure usually shows signs in

Answer 38

the lungs see symptoms peripheral -- usaully right sided