Lungs, Segments, Movements of Breathing Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the layers of Pleura?
Parietal Pleura and Visceral Pleura
What does the parietal pleura consist of?
- Mediastinal Pleural
- Cervical Pleura
- Costal Pleura
- Diaphragmatic Pleura
What is the Neruovascular Supply of the Parietal Pleura?
- Phrenic Nerves
- Intercostal Nerves
- Intercostal Arteries
What is the innervation of the Visceral Pleural?
Autonomic innervation from pulmonary plexus
What is the surface anatomy of the Parietal and Visceral Pleura at the Midclavicular line?
Visceral Pleura–> 6th rib
Parietal Pleural–> 8th rib
What is the surface anatomy of the Parietal and Visceral Pleura at the Midaxillary line?
Visceral Pleura–> 8th rib
Parietal Pleura–> 10th rib
What is the surface anatomy of the Parietal and Visceral Pleura at the Midscapular line?
Visceral Pleura–> 10th rib
Parietal Pleura–> 12th rib
What are Pleural Recesses?
Parts where there are only Parietal Pleura
What are the 2 Pleural Recesses?
- Costodiaphramatic Recess–> between costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura at the back
- Costomediastinal Recess–> between the costal pleura and the Mediastinal Pleura behind the sternum
How do you tell the difference between a left and right lung?
- Hilum of the lung is always medial
- Find the apex of the lung (top)
- Find the sharp anterior border (it will be medial)
- Left lung has 2 lobes, Right Lung has 3 lobes
What are the lobes of the right lung?
- Superior
- Inferior
- Middle
What are the lobes of the right lung separated by?
2 Fissures: Oblique fissure and Horizontal fissure, the fissures meet at the lateral side of the lung along the midaxillary line
What is the surface anatomy of the oblique fissure?
Goes from T4 at the back, following g the 6th rib around to the 6th costal cartilage.
What is the surface anatomy of the horizontal fissure?
4th costal cartilage–> shortcut to find is by using the nipple
What are the contents of the root/hilum of the lung?
- Bronchus
- Pulmonary Artery
- 2 Pulmonary veins
- Bronchial vessels
- Lymph vessels
- Pulmonary plexus of nerves
What is a bronchopulmonary segement?
Individual functioning lung tissue with its own artery and bronchus, but a shared vein and lymphatics
What is the clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
- It may collapse due to stuck mucus e.g. in cystic fibrosis
- A BP segment may be excised
- Important to look for in chest x-rays, lung disease and collapsed lungs
What are the bronchopulmonary segments of the right lung?
Superior Lobe: 1. Apical 2. Posterior 3. Anterior Middle Lobe: 4. Lateral 5. Medial Inferior Lobe: 6. Apical/Superior Basal 7. Medial Basal 8. Anterior Basal 9. Lateral Basal 10. Posterior Basal
What are the bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung?
Superior Lobe: 1. Apical 2. Posterior 3. Anterior 4. Superior Lingular 5. Inferior Lingular Inferior Lobe: 6. Apical/Superior Basal 7. Medial Basal 8. Anterior Basal 9. Lateral Basal 10. Posterior Basal
Where does the Trachea begin?
Level of C6
Where does the trachea bifurcate?
Level of T4
What is the sensory neural supply of the trachea?
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
What is the arterial supply of the trachea?
Inferior Thyroid Artery
What is the venous drainage of the trachea?
Brachiocephalic, Azygous and Accessory Hemiazygous Veins
