LVN 101A (Wed) FLUID and ELECTROLYTES

Question 1

Normal level for this is 134 - 142 mEq/L

Na+
K+
Ca++

Answer 1

Na+

Question 2

Normal level for this is 3.5 - 5 mEq/L

Na+
K+
Ca++

Answer 2

K+

Question 3

These terms refer to either high amount or low amount of fluid in the VASCULAR compartments

Edema or Dehydration
Hyperplamosis or hypoplasmosis
Hypovolemia or hypervolemia

Answer 3

Hypervolemia or Hypovolemia

Question 4

This is a condition where there is too little water in the plasma and interstitial spaces therefore leads to cell shrinkage

Dehydration
Lysification
Evaporation

Answer 4

Dehydration

Question 5

This is a condition where a person has too much fluid in the interstitial spaces

Hyperhydrosis
Purpura
Edema

Answer 5

Edema

Question 6

REVIEW: Abnormals of fluid balance

Edema (Pulmonary, abdomen or extremeties)
Water intoxication
Effusion (Plueral effusion rings a bell?)
Dehydration

Answer 6

REVIEW: Causes of Abnormal fluid balance

Congestive Heart Failure
Kidney Failure
Over hydration
Under hydration
hypoalbuminemia

Question 7

Hyponatremia S/Sx page 666 box

Headache
Fatigue
Postural hypotension
muscle weakness, twitching, tremors
Irritability
Apathy
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal cramps
Apprehension
Altered LOC
Seizure 
Coma

Answer 7

Hypernatremia S/Sx page 667 box

Low Urinary Output
Firm, rubbery tissue turgor
Dry, tenacious mucous membrane
Restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
Manic excitement
Tachycardia
Death

Question 8

Hypokalemia S/Sx page 668 box

skeletal muscle weakness (leg cramps)
vomiting
paresthesia (pins and needles), hyporeflexia
Decreased bowel sounds, cramps and constipation, anorexia, nausea
Diminished deep tendon reflexes, paralysis involving the respiratory muscles, coma
Orthostatic hypotension’
cardiac dysrhythmias : weak, irregular pulse
Polyuria
Flaccid paralysis
Kidney damage
paralytic ileus
cardiac or respiratory arrest

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia S/Sx page 669 box

Signs and symptoms are often nonspecific; serum potassium level and electrocardiogram (ECG) are often the best clinical indicators.

Vomiting
colic (excessive crying for no apparent reason)
cardiac dysrhythmias
cardiac arrest
anuria
hypotension
numbness, tingling sensation
irritability
paresthesia (pins and needles)
skeletal muscle weakness