LW5

Question 1

ADR with fluoxetine?

Answer 1

Nausea

Question 2

Which drug may give oral/gi/skin ulcer?

Answer 2

Nicorandil

Question 3

Which drugs may give gingival hypertrophy?

Answer 3

Ciclosporin and Phenytoin

Question 4

Co-amoxiclav can cause…

Answer 4

Cholestasis

Question 5

Beta blockers may cause…

Answer 5

Raynaud’s

Question 6

What is potter’s sequence?

Answer 6

Abnormal facial features due to oligohydramnios which causes pulmonary hypoplasia. Babies have a flat face, small mouth, low set ears

Question 7

Other genetic causes of renal failure?

Answer 7

CHARGE syndrome and branchio-otorenal syndrome (4 fingers)

Question 8

What increases risk of renal cysts?

Answer 8

diabetes, abnormal genital tract

Question 9

Alports syndrome

Answer 9

X linked recessive hereditary nephritis, haematuria, HL and eye problems

Question 10

Bartter’s and Gitelman syndrome symptoms

Answer 10

causes muscle spasms, cramps, salt craving, fatigue

Question 11

Renal tubular acidosis

Answer 11

when the tubule absorption of H+ and bicarbonate is affected

Question 12

Metabolic stone disease causes what and may be caused by?

Answer 12

Renal tubular acidosis and high urate and may be caused by cystinosis

Question 13

VHL features

Answer 13

renal cancers, cerebellar haemangioblastoma, retinal angioma

Question 14

WAGR syndrome

Answer 14

wilm’s tumour, aniridia, genital anomalies and aniridia

Question 15

Fanconi syndrome

Answer 15

Dysfunction of PCT where most things reabsorbed so you get glycosuria, phosphaturia, proteinuria, bicarb wasting, uric acid, loss of water and ions in urine.

Due to loss of bicarb and K+ you get hypokalemic metabolic acidosis

Anaemia caused by bone marrow failure and ususally have six fingers

Question 16

3 year old with suspected UTI, how do you investigate?

Answer 16

MC+S

Question 17

CKD 5 treatment in kids

Answer 17

transplant

Question 18

Liddle syndrome vs pseudohypoaldosteronism?

Answer 18

Liddle has hypertension and hypokalaemia while pseudo has salt wasting and hyperkalaemia

Question 19

Cystinosis affects which part of the nephron and causes what syndrome?

Answer 19

PCT and causes renal fanconi syndrome

Question 20

Electrolyte abnormalities in Gitelman’s syndrome

Answer 20

Mildly reduced magnesium and potassium

Question 21

Bartter’s syndrome

Answer 21

problem with LoH causing diuresis i.e. works like furosemide

Question 22

Lab investigations for TB

Answer 22

o Microscopy of sputum (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)

o acid fast bacilli seen if postitive for TB

Question 23

Other uses for CT-KUB

Answer 23

obstruction, tumours and congenital bnormalities

Question 24

Uses of renogram

Answer 24

a form of nuclear medicine used to test function of kidneys (i.e. in the case of transplant)

Question 25

Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 25

low albumin, proteinuria, oedema, high cholesterol and hypercoagulability

Question 26

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 26

MCD, FSGS, Membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative

Question 27

Which nephrotic is most common in children and responsive to steroids?

Answer 27

Minimal change diseases

Question 28

Which nephrotic is most common in africans and hispanics?

Answer 28

FSGS

Question 29

Which nephrotics cause thinkened GBM and and have immune complex deposition?

Answer 29

Membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative

Question 30

Nephritic syndrome characteristics and examples?

Answer 30

Azotemia, oliguria, red cell casts, hypertension and oedema | IgA nephropathy, Goodpasture's, Churg Strauss, Wegener's granulomatosis and post strep

Question 31

Which nephritis is associated with recent infection

Answer 31

Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)

Question 32

Which nephritis is associated with recent sor throat or impetigo?

Answer 32

Post strep GN

Question 33

Which conditions are associated with pANCA and cANCA respectively

Answer 33

Churg strauss and Wegener's granulomatosis

Question 34

Definitive airways?

Answer 34

endotracheal tube, tracheostomy

Question 35

Causes of reduced resp rate?

Answer 35

opiates, sedatives, head injury

Question 36

Causes of increased rep rate

Answer 36

hypoxia, brainstem herniation, met acidosis and overdose

Question 37

Small and reactive pupils

Answer 37

encephalopathy, midbrain hernation

Question 38

Fixed pupils

Answer 38

opiates

Question 39

Dilated and reactive

Answer 39

metabolic, midbrain, ecstasy

Question 40

Dilated and fixed pupils

Answer 40

seizure, ischaemia, hypothermia, anticholinergics

Question 41

Unequal pupils causes

Answer 41

horner's and third nerve palsy

Question 42

What is a common electrolyte abnormality in SAH na dhow do you manage it?

Answer 42

low sodium, give saline

Question 43

Where do renal cancers usually mets to?

Answer 43

hepatorenal pouch (morson's pouch)

Question 44

Transitional cell carcinoma is related to...

Answer 44

industrial dyes

Question 45

Infliximab

Answer 45

TNF alpha

Question 46

Adalimumab

Answer 46

TNF alpha

Question 47

Etanercept

Answer 47

TNF alpha

Question 48

Common side effects of biologics

Answer 48

Injection site reactions, infusion reactions and infections

Question 49

Rituximab

Answer 49

CD 20

Question 50

Which biologic is a CD52 antibody and can cause secondary autoimmunity

Answer 50

Alemtuzumab