Lycophytes

Question 1

What phylum do lycophytes belong to?

Answer 1

Phylum Lycopodiophyta

Question 2

What are the three main groups of lycophytes?

Answer 2

• Quillworts (Isoetales)
• Club mosses (Lycopodiales)
• Spike mosses (Selaginellales)

Question 3

What is a common name for lycophytes?

Answer 3

Fern allies

Question 4

What type of leaves do lycophytes have?

Answer 4

Microphylls

Question 5

How long have lycophytes existed?

Answer 5

Dating back 425 million years (Silurian period)

Question 6

During which geological period were lycophytes dominant?

Answer 6

Carboniferous period

Question 7

What is a characteristic size of modern lycophytes?

Answer 7

Relatively small

Question 8

Describe the general features of lycophytes.

Answer 8

• Small plants, either erect or creeping
• Dichotomous branching
• Leaves (microphylls) are small

Question 9

What is homospory?

Answer 9

Production of one type of n spore that gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte

Question 10

What is heterospory?

Answer 10

Production of two types of n spores, microspores and megaspores

Question 11

What does a microspore develop into?

Answer 11

Male gametophyte

Question 12

What does a megaspore develop into?

Answer 12

Female gametophyte

Question 13

What is another name for club mosses?

Answer 13

Ground pine

Question 14

How many species are in the family Lycopodiaceae?

Answer 14

400 species

Question 15

What are the characteristics of club mosses?

Answer 15

• True roots
• Rhizomes
• Small, scale-like leaves

Question 16

Where are sporangia found in club mosses?

Answer 16

In cone-like strobili or scattered along the stem

Question 17

What is the conservation status of club mosses?

Answer 17

Endangered from overharvesting

Question 18

What ancient club moss was a large tree?

Answer 18

Lepidodendron

Question 19

What is the height of Lepidodendron?

Answer 19

Up to 40 meters (about 130 feet)

Question 20

What type of leaves does Lycopodium obscurum have?

Answer 20

Small, scalelike, evergreen leaves (microphylls)

Question 21

What structure protects the sporangia in Lycopodium obscurum?

Answer 21

Conelike strobilus

Question 22

How many species are there in spike mosses?

Answer 22

Around 700 species

Question 23

What genus do spike mosses belong to?

Answer 23

Selaginella

Question 24

What are the growth forms of spike mosses?

Answer 24

• Creeping
• Cushiony
• Erect

Question 25

How are leaves arranged in spike mosses?

Answer 25

In four vertical rows

Question 26

What is a notable adaptation of some spike moss species?

Answer 26

Adapted to arid environments (e.g., Selaginella lepidophylla)

Question 27

What do strobili in spike mosses contain?

Answer 27

Reproductive structures

Question 28

What type of spore production do quillworts exhibit?

Answer 28

Heterosporous

Question 29

What are the two types of spores produced by quillworts?

Answer 29

* Megaspores * Microspores

Question 30

Where do quillworts typically grow?

Answer 30

Aquatic or semi-aquatic environments, often in cool, swampy regions

Question 31

What is a unique feature of Isoetes compared to other lycophytes?

Answer 31

Occurrence of secondary growth in the stem

Question 32

What is the function of the ligule in Isoetes?

Answer 32

Similar to Selaginella, present on each leaf

Question 33

What are lycophytes?

Answer 33

Lycophytes are a group of vascular plants that include clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts.

Question 34

True or False: Lycophytes are considered part of the seed plant lineage.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The main reproductive structures of lycophytes are called ______.

Answer 35

strobili

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lycophytes? A) Vascular tissue B) Seeds C) Microphylls

Answer 36

B) Seeds

Question 37

What type of leaves do lycophytes possess?

Answer 37

Microphylls

Question 38

True or False: Lycophytes have a dominant sporophyte generation.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is the significance of lycophytes in the evolution of plants?

Answer 39

Lycophytes are among the earliest vascular plants, providing insights into the evolution of land plants.

Question 40

What is the habitat preference of most lycophytes?

Answer 40

They typically prefer moist, shaded environments.

Question 41

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a member of the lycophyte group? A) Fern B) Pine C) Lycopodium

Answer 41

C) Lycopodium

Question 42

Short answer: What is the main method of reproduction in lycophytes?

Answer 42

Sporic reproduction involving spores.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The gametophyte of lycophytes is often ______ and independent.

Answer 43

photosynthetic

Question 44

True or False: Lycophytes have a complex root system.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What is the name of the structure that produces spores in lycophytes?

Answer 45

Sporangium

Question 46

Multiple choice: Which of these is a characteristic feature of lycophytes? A) True leaves B) Microphylls C) Flowers

Answer 46

B) Microphylls

Question 47

What are the three main groups of lycophytes?

Answer 47

Clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts.

Question 48

True or False: Lycophytes can be found in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Fill in the blank: Lycophytes are more closely related to ______ than to ferns.

Answer 49

gymnosperms

Question 50

Short answer: How do lycophytes contribute to their ecosystems?

Answer 50

They provide ground cover, habitat, and contribute to soil formation.

Question 51

Multiple choice: What is a common name for the lycophyte genus Lycopodium? A) Clubmoss B) Tree fern C) Horsetail

Answer 51

A) Clubmoss

Question 52

What is the primary role of microphylls in lycophytes?

Answer 52

Photosynthesis

Question 53

True or False: Lycophytes are known for their large, complex flowers.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The lycophyte gametophyte is typically ______ in size compared to the sporophyte.

Answer 54

smaller

Question 55

Short answer: What is the ecological importance of lycophyte spores?

Answer 55

They can remain dormant for long periods and are important for plant colonization.

Question 56

Multiple choice: Which of the following describes the life cycle of lycophytes? A) Alternation of generations B) Asexual reproduction only C) Seed-based reproduction

Answer 56

A) Alternation of generations

Question 57

What type of environment do lycophytes thrive in?

Answer 57

Moist, shaded environments

Question 58

True or False: Lycophytes have been around since the Devonian period.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Fill in the blank: The study of lycophytes contributes to our understanding of ______ diversity.

Answer 59

plant