lymph

Question 1

Functions of lymph vessels?

Answer 1

1. collection of tissue fluid & return it to systemic circulation
2. Transport of lymphocytes and other immune cells.
3. Uptake & transport of longchain fatty acids absorbed in the intestine

Question 2

How much of tissue fluid is returned by lymph vessels?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

Where is lymph returned?

Answer 3

t junctions of subclavian and internal jugular veins.

Additional connections in the IVC & renal, suprarenal, azygos & iliac veins & also in lymph nodes.

Question 4

Features of lymph vessels?

Answer 4

blindly ending tubes, small, vasa vasorum , rapid repair, many anastomoses, follow large vessels as a plexus.

Question 5

True or false. All lymph vessels have associated lymph nodes.

Answer 5

False.

Question 6

Are lymph vessels found in cartilage?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Are lymph vessels found in healthy corneas?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What produces lymphocytes?

Answer 8

Lymph nodules

Question 9

Where are lymph nodes located?

Answer 9

300-400 nodes - most in neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and groin

Question 10

True or false. There are many lymph nodes located in the limbs.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or false. Lymph nodes are always associated with lymph vessels.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

sentinal lymph node?

Answer 12

First node or group of nodes into which lymph from a particular organ drains.

Question 13

Main tributaries of the thoracic trunk in the neck?

Answer 13

Left subclavian trunk.
Left jugular.
Left bronchomediastinal.

Question 14

Thoracic duct in the THORAX recieves lymph from what trunks?

Answer 14

Mediastinal trunks.

5-6 upper intercostal trunks.

Question 15

Thoracic trunk formed by confluence of which tributaries?

Answer 15

2 x Lumbar trunks
1 x gastrointestinal trunk
2x descending intercostal (thoracic) trunks

Question 16

Origin of thoracic duct - what level?

Answer 16

Dilation called cisterna chyli (only present in 20% individuals). L2

Question 17

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

Answer 17

Left jugulosubclavian junction.

Question 18

Where does the mediastinal trunk receive lymph from?

Answer 18

upper liver, diaphragm, heart, oesophagus

Question 19

Where does the left subclavian trunk receive lymph from?

Answer 19

from upper left limb

Question 20

Where does the left jugular trunk receive lymph from?

Answer 20

from left head & neck

Question 21

Where does the left bronchomediastinal trunk receive lymph from?

Answer 21

upper left thorax & heart.

Question 22

Where does the upper right side drain into?

Answer 22

20% individuals - right lymphatic duct. otherwise enter the great veins separately

Question 23

Sets of nodes that drain skin & cutaneous structures?

Answer 23

Axillary group lymph nodes, deep cervical group lymph nodes, inguinal group lymph nodes.

Question 24

Breast tissue?

Answer 24

Fibrous (whitish)

Adipose (yellow)

Question 25

What happens to the breast during pregnancy?

Answer 25

Ducts & alveoli proliferate considerably. Fibrous and fatty tissue decreases.

Question 26

Post lactation in breast?

Answer 26

Glandular tissue involutes and is replaced with fibrous tissue and fat.

Question 27

Where do the lymph drain in the breast?

Answer 27

75% to axillary group lymph nodes. Remaining drains into infraclavicular & parasternal. Some into intercostal nodes, abdominal or accross midline.

Question 28

What are the axillary group lymph nodes?

Answer 28

Central group. Lateral group. Posterior group (subscapular) Anterior group.

Question 29

Where are the distal superficial inguinal nodes located?

Answer 29

Along termination of greater saphenous vein.

Question 30

where are the proximal superficial inguinal nodes located?

Answer 30

Along the inguinal ligament.

Question 31

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

Answer 31

1-3 nodes- deep and medial to femoral vein.

Question 32

What do the proximal superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph from?

Answer 32

External genitalia (not testis), anal region, skin below umbilicus. some of the vesssels from the uterus also drain here.

Question 33

Which lymph nodes recieves lymph from superficial vessels from lower limb?

Answer 33

Distal superficial inguinal group.

Question 34

Lymph nodes that follow vessels from intestines?

Answer 34

Preaortic nodes

Question 35

Nodes that drain urogenital organs, posterior body wall & lower limbs

Answer 35

Lateral aortic or lumbar nodes

Question 36

Lymph vessels on lungs?

Answer 36

Deep plexus and Superficial subpleural vessels

Question 37

What is the highest point reaches by the thoracic duct?

Answer 37

C7

Question 38

Lymph nodes drain female int genitalia?

Answer 38

internal and external iliac nodes, rectal & sacral, superficial inguinal, aortic & preaortic

Question 39

Where does lymph of lower anal canal drain to?

Answer 39

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 40

Where does lymph of rectum and upper anal canal drain to?

Answer 40

Preaortic and internal iliac nodes.

Question 41

Where does lymph in liver enter into?

Answer 41

Space of Disse (between sinusoids and hepatocytes).