Lymph Nodes Of The Head And Neck Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
Remove excess fluid from interstitial space
Proteins leak from capillary beds
They play a key role in the immune response and surveillance
What are the functions of lymph nodes?
Physical filter
Phagocytise filter
Activation and proliferation in response to antigens
What are the causes of enlarged lymph nodes?
Infection- the lump is tender and mobile
Malignancy- harder, tethered to a fascia layer, or non tender, rubbery, mobile and fast growing
What is another name for a superficial cervical node?
Regional cervical lymph nodes
What is another name for a deep cervical lymph node?
Terminal cervical lymph node
Where are superficial lymph nodes?
Between the skin and the superficial fascia
What different types of lymph nodes are there? In the head and neck?
Submental Submandibular Preauricular Post auricular Occipital Superficial cervical Anterior cervical
What are the deep lymph nodes in the neck?
Jugulodigastric
Jugular omohyoid
Supraclaviular lymph nodes
Where does the submental lymph node drain from?
Leg
The tongue
What is waldeyer’s ring?
Ring of lymphatic tissue around the neck
What is important when discovering neck lumps?
History- age, duration, progression, associated sign and symptoms
Examination- relate to structures underlying, do they move with sticking out their tongues, palpating features
What are the possible causes of a superficial neck lump?
Sebascious cyst
Dermoid cyst
Lipoma
Skin abscess
What are inflammatory causes of a neck lump?
Tonsillitis
Mouth ulcer
What are the congenital causes of a possible neck lumps?
Thyroglobulin cyst
Brachial cyst
Laryncoele
Pharyngeal pouch
What are midline causes of neck lumps?
Thyroglossal duct cysts
Skin lined cyst
Thyroid gland conditions
What are the lateral lymph nodes of the neck?
Submandibular gland
Brachial cyst
What are the red flags for lymphadenopathy?
Persisting for more than 6 weeks
Fixed hard and irregular
Rapidly growing in size
Associated with generalised lymphadenopathy
Associated with signs such as weight loss and night sweats
Voice hoarseness or difficulty swallowing
What would you use when investigating a neck lump?
An ultrasound
How many bones are there in the skull?
22
What are the holes in the skull?
Fossa, canals
Foramina
Fissures
What are the two different groups of bones in the skull?
Neurocranium
Visceroccranium
How many bones are there in the neurocranium?
- calvaria, cranial floor and cranial cavity
How many bones are there in the viscerocranium?
12 bones
What are the bones of the neurocranium?
Sphenoid
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
