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Anatomy & Physiology > Lymphatic > Flashcards

Lymphatic Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

A

primary: where lymphocytes mature/grow, secondary: where lymphocytes are cloned and activated

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatic capillaries?

A

originate from pockets, one-way valve, “flaps”

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3
Q

What two veins form the thoracic trunk?

A

Superficial + deep veins

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4
Q

What are the 2 ducts and where do they receive blood from?

A

Right lymphatic - right side of the body above chest + right arm,
Thoracic - rest of body

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5
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

blockage of lymph drainage

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6
Q

What are the three kinds of lymphocytes and what do they do?

A

T - cell-mediated, B: antibody-mediated, NK - immune surveillance

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7
Q

Where and which cells do they develop?

A

Red bone marrow - B + NK cells, Thymus - T cells (leave marrow to thymus)

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8
Q

What is the selection process for lymphocytes?

A

only 2% of lymphocytes go into bloodstream, rest die

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9
Q

What are the 5 tonsils?

A

adenoid, pair of palatine, pair of lingual

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10
Q

What does MALT do?

A

protect multiple tracts (respiratory, reproductive, digestive, etc.)

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11
Q

What are the 3 lymph organs?

A

thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

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12
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

groin, armpits, neck

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13
Q

What are some parts of the lymph nodes?

A

hilum, afferent + efferent lymphatics

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14
Q

Where does lymph flow?

A

subcapsular space → outer cortex → deep cortex → medulla → efferent lymphatic

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15
Q

What is the purpose of dendritic cells?

A

They start the immune response

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the thymus?

A

2 lobules, packed outer cortex + medulla

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17
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

remove abnormal cells, store iron, start immune response

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18
Q

What is white and red pulp made of?

A

white - macrophages + dendritic cells, red - lymphocytes

19
Q

What are the different parts of the innate (non-specific) defense?

A

Physical barriers, Phagocytes, Immune Surveillance, Inflammation, Fever

20
Q

What are the 3 types of interferons?

A

Beta, Alpha, Gamma

21
Q

Describe the complement system

A

2 pathways: classical + alternative. classical faster and more effective

22
Q

What are mast cells used for?

A

to release hormones that increase blood to capillaries and cause pain

23
Q

What’s the difference between active and passive immunity?

A

active - body produces it on its own, passive - gets antibodies from somewhere else

24
Q

What are the 4 properties of Adaptive defense?

A

Specificity, Versatility, Memory, Tolerance

25
Q

Why is having tolerance in an adaptive defense important?

A

It helps the body produce antibodies and kill the antigens quicker and more efficiently the next time you face it again

26
Q

Why is versatility important for our adaptive defense?

A

It makes sure we have all kinds of antibodies to prepare for any kind of antigen

27
Q

What are the different kinds of T cells?

A

Cytokine, Memory, Helper, Suppressor

28
Q

What is the function of helper T cells?

A

help activate b and cytotoxic cells

29
Q

What are MHC proteins and how are they separated?

A

glycoprotein to help t cells identify an antigen, 2 classes: Class 1 + 2

30
Q

What’s the second binding cell that makes sure the cell isn’t our own bodies?

A

Costimulation

31
Q

What is sensitization?

A

The activation of B cells

32
Q

What is the shape of an antibody?

A

Y-shape

33
Q

Where do antibodies bind to antigens?

A

epitopes/antigenic determinant sites

34
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

the (5) different kinds of antibodies

35
Q

What are the 7 ways of eliminating an antigen?

A

Neutralization, Precipitation/Agglutination, Phagocytes, Preventing Adhesion, Complement system, Opsonization, Inflammation

36
Q

What is Opsonization (eliminating an antigen)?

A

It marks a cell for phagocytosis

37
Q

What is precipitation/agglutination?

A

It’s when an antibody can bind to more than one antigen

38
Q

What are the primary and secondary responses to antigens?

A

Primary - antibody titer (amount of antibodies in plasma) is lower
Secondary - antibodies are more destructive and faster

39
Q

What is an autoimmune disorder?

A

When your body targets your own cells

40
Q

What is autoantibodies?

A

When antibodies are created for your own body

41
Q

What are 2 systems (other than lymphatic + immune) that can affect your immune response?

A

Nervous and endocrine systems influence the immune response

42
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

In the chest, behind the sternum

43
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

programmed death of a cell

Anatomy & Physiology (24 decks)

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