Lymphatic System

Question 1

Disease-fighting cells

Answer 1

lymphocytes

Question 2

extra body fluid that drains from cells and tissues

Answer 2

lymph/ lymphatic fluid

Question 3

4 lymphatic organs

To LN S Th

Answer 3

Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus

Question 4

Function of tonsils

Answer 4

protects nasal and oral cavities by killing germs and preventing them from entering the mouth

Question 5

Function of lymph nodes

Answer 5

-removes microbes by macrophages

-filters lymph

Question 6

Function of spleen (blood reservoir)

Answer 6

Filters blood by
-detecting and responding to foreign substance
-destroys old RBC

Question 7

Function of thymus gland

Answer 7

Produces lymphocytes

lymphocytes produces antibodies, aids in immunity

Question 8

2 types of of immunity

Answer 8

innate and adaptive

Question 9

under innate, what are 3 components

Answer 9

physical barriers
chemical mediators
cells of the immune system

Question 10

Explain physical barriers (innate)

Answer 10

• first line of defense
• skin and mucous serves as barriers against PATHOGENS AND TOXINS

urine, saliva, tears washes away toxins and pathogens to prevent infection

Question 11

4 examples of chemical mediators

LMHI and function

Answer 11

Lysozyme- found in tears/saliva. kills bacteria
mucous membrane- barrier against microbes
histamine- induce inflammation causing vasodilation
interferons- produce antiviral proteins. protection against infection

Question 12

6 under cells of the immune system (innate)

NEBMMNk

Answer 12

NEUTROPHILS- phagocytize microorganism. fist to respond but die quickly

EOSINOPHILS- destroy parasites, reduce inflammation

BASOPHILS- produce histamine

MACROPHAGES- enter tissues & protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen/liver

MAST CELLS- release leukotrienes that promote inflammation

NATURAL KILLER CELLS- detect classes of cells such as tumor cells that cannot eb detected by other immune cells
-chemicals which lyse cells/ destroy membrane

Question 13

substance that stimulate an immune response ( adaptive immunity)

Answer 13

Antigen

Question 14

molecule produced by the person’s body that stimulates an immune system response

prevents immune system from attacking cells of the body its producing

Answer 14

self-antigen

Question 15

proteins the body produces in response to an antigen

Answer 15

antibody

Question 16

2 types of adaptive immunity

Answer 16

antibody-mediated

cell-mediated

Question 17

why is adaptive immunity slower effect than innate

Answer 17

it takes time for the body to recognize virus and produce antibodies against the antigen

*antigen is a foreign substance that enters our body. stimulates production of antibodies. antibodies attach to antigen to fight it**

Question 18

Analogy

B cells: mature in red bone marrow - T cells:_________

Answer 18

B cells: mature in bone marrow - T cells: Thymus gland

Question 19

Analogy

T cells: Mature in Thymus gland - B cells: _____

Answer 19

T cells: Mature in Thymus gland - B cells: Red bone marrow

B=Bone marrow

Question 20

This type of immunity is defense that involves specific recognition to a specific antigen

Answer 20

Adaptive immunity

Question 21

This type of immunity is present at birth

Answer 21

innate immunity

Question 22

Function of b cells

Answer 22

b cells produce antibodies

Question 23

Function of t cells

Answer 23

help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer

Question 24

Effects of antibodies I B A I F (5)

Answer 24

inactivate antigens
binds antigen
active complement cascades
initiate release of inflammatory chemicals
facilitate phagocytosis (elimination of particles)

Question 25

Meaning of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 25

there is no need to produce antibodies to have immunity

Question 26

4 types of t-cells under cell-mediated immunity and their function

Answer 26

1. Helper T Cells (TH)- activate macrophages 2. Cytotoxic T cells- precursor to CTL 3. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) - destroy antigen on contact 4. Regulatory t cells- turn off immune system response when antigen is gone

Question 27

2 types of adaptive immunity

Answer 27

naturally acquired immunity & artificially acquired immunity

Question 28

What is naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 28

Exposure to antigens produces antibodies ex. chicken pox measles

Question 29

What is naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 29

Transfer of antibodies ex. breastmilk from mom to baby - through placenta

Question 30

What is artificially-acquired active immunity

Answer 30

Vaccines triggers antibodies production ex. covid vaccine, anti tetanus

Question 31

What is artificially-acquired passive immunity

Answer 31

transfer of antibodies of one to another ex. plasma from a recovered patient ex. plasma transfer

Question 32

Function of IgG

Answer 32

activates compliment and increases phagocytosis "phaGocytosis"

Question 33

Function of Igm

Answer 33

as antigen binding receptor on the surface of b cells for transfusion reactions in blood system "MTRbc... - M= Transfusion Reactions"

Question 34

Function of IgA

Answer 34

protects body surface/ to newborn "A=Asa labas = Surface = Body surface"

Question 35

Function of IgE

Answer 35

stimulates inflammatory response "E= Enflammatory"

Question 36

Function of IgD

Answer 36

As antigen-binding receptor on b cells D= DING ang bato so antigen-binDING receptor

Question 37

This is a protein secreted by a cell that regulates OTHER CELL

Answer 37

cytokines