Lymphatic System

Question 1

carries excess interstitial fluid
from tissues back to cardiovascular
circulation and provides locations
for immune cells to monitor
the body.

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

take in fluids from the
extracellular space and carry them
through lymph nodes, where
immune cells scan the fluids for
foreign particles.

Answer 2

Porous lymphatic vessels

Question 3

Fluid must be returned to circulation to maintain cardiovascular function via

Answer 3

lymphatics

Question 5

are necessary to monitor the body for infection.

Answer 5

lymph nodes

Question 6

The lymphatic system consists of two semi-independent parts:

Answer 6

(1) a meandering network of lymphatic vessels
(2) various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body

Question 7

house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, which play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease.

Answer 7

lymphoid tissues and organs

Question 8

if excess fluids did not go back to the blood, fluid accumulates in the tissues, producing

Answer 8

edema or swelling

Question 9

impairs the ability of cells to make exchanges with the interstitial fluid and ultimately the blood.

Answer 9

Excessive edema

Question 10

The function of the lymphatic vessels is to form an elaborate drainage system that picks up this excess interstitial fluid, now called

Answer 10

Lymph

Question 11

The lymphatic vessels, also called

Answer 11

lymphatics

Question 12

vessels that form a one-way system, and lymph flows only toward the heart.

Answer 12

lymphatics

Question 13

weave between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body and absorb the leaked fluid

Answer 13

microscopic lymph capillaries

Question 14

the edges of the endothelial cells forming their walls loosely overlap one another, act as one-way swinging doors

Answer 14

flaplike minivalves

Question 15

when the fluid pressure is higher in the interstitial space, allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary, the gape is

Answer 15

open

Question 16

when the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels, preventing the lymph from leaking back out and forcing it along the vessel.

Answer 16

the endothelial cell flaps are forced together, it is closed

Question 17

Lymph is transported from the lymph capillaries through successively larger lymphatic vessels, referred to as

Answer 17

lymphatic collecting vessels

Question 18

drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

Answer 18

right lymphatic duct

Question 19

receives lymph from the rest of the body

Answer 19

thoracic duct

Question 20

Both ducts empty the lymph into the subclavian vein on their own side of the body

Answer 20

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 21

Like veins of the cardiovascular system, lymphatic vessels are

Answer 21

thin walled, and the larger ones have valves

Question 22

The lymphatic system is a what type of pressure, pumpless system

Answer 22

low-pressure

Question 23

muscle in the walls of the larger lymphatics contracts rhythmically, helping to “pump” the lymph along.

Answer 23

smooth muscle

Question 24

action of the skeletal muscles and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing

Answer 24

milking action

Question 25

Cells in lymph nodes in particular help protect the body by

Answer 25

removing foreign material and producing lymphocytes

Question 26

Particularly large clusters are found in what parts of the body?

Answer 26

1. inguinal 2. axillary 3. cervical regions

Question 27

Within the lymph nodes, which engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood

Answer 27

macrophages

Question 28

type of WBC, are also strategically located in the lymph nodes and respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream

Answer 28

Collections of lymphocytes

Question 29

during an active infection

Answer 29

had “swollen glands”

Question 30

the term swollen glands is a

Answer 30

misnomer

Question 31

Lymph nodes vary in shape and size, but most are

Answer 31

kidney-shaped

Question 32

Each node is surrounded by,

Answer 32

fibrous capsule

Question 33

connective tissue strands called, extend inward to divide the node into a number of compartments

Answer 33

trabeculae

Question 34

Lymphocytes arise from the

Answer 34

red bone marrow

Question 35

The outer part of the node

Answer 35

cortex

Question 36

cortex, contains collections of lymphocytes called

Answer 36

follicles

Question 37

follicles have dark-staining centers called

Answer 37

germinal centers.

Question 38

enlarge when specific B lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells called

Answer 38

germinal centers.

Question 39

specific B lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies, called

Answer 39

plasma cells

Question 40

plasma cells releases

Answer 40

antibodies

Question 41

The rest of the cortical cells are lymphocytes “in transit,” the so-called

Answer 41

T cells

Question 42

circulate continuously between the blood, lymph nodes, and lymphatic stream, performing their surveillance role

Answer 42

T cells

Question 43

are inward extensions of cortical tissue that contain both B and T cells.

Answer 43

medullary cords

Question 44

Lymph enters the convex side of a lymph node through

Answer 44

afferent lymphatic vessels

Question 45

meander through the lymph node and finally exits from the node at its indented region

Answer 45

hilum

Question 46

exits from the node at its indented region, the hilum, via

Answer 46

efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 47

is a soft organ located in the left side of the abdominal cavity, just beneath the diaphragm, that curls around the anterolateral aspect of the stomach

Answer 47

spleen

Question 48

what organ where spleen return some of their breakdown products

Answer 48

liver

Question 49

the rest of the hemoglobin molecule is secreted in

Answer 49

bile

Question 50

Other functions of the spleen include

Answer 50

storing platelets and acting as a blood reservoir

Question 51

both the spleen and liver contract and empty their blood into circulation to help bring the blood volume back to its normal level during?

Answer 51

hemorrhage

Question 52

In the fetus, the spleen is an important site

Answer 52

hematopoietic site (blood cell–forming)

Question 53

the adult spleen produces only

Answer 53

lymphocytes.

Question 54

which functions at peak level only during youth, is a lymphoid mass found in the anterior mediastinum overlying the heart.

Answer 54

thymus

Question 55

are small masses of lymphoid tissue deep to the mucosa surrounding the pharynx (throat)

Answer 55

tonsils

Question 56

Their job is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

Answer 56

tonsils

Question 57

Tonsils carry out this function so efficiently that sometimes they become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen, and sore, a condition called

Answer 57

tonsillitis

Question 58

which resemble tonsils, are found in the wall of the distal small intestine.

Answer 58

Peyer’s patches

Question 59

Lymphoid follicles are also located in the wall of the

Answer 59

appendix

Question 60

a tubelike offshoot of the proximal large intestine

Answer 60

appendix

Question 61

always present in tremendous numbers in the intestine

Answer 61

macrophages of Peyer’s patches and the appendix

Question 62

Peyer’s patches, the appendix, and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues referred to as

Answer 62

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 63

to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts MALT acts as a

Answer 63

sentinel