Lymphatic System

Question 1

What is lymph?

Answer 1

Interstitial fluid from blood

Question 2

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 2

There is a lot of crud floating around in the body and lymph sweeps it up and brings it to the lymph nodes where there is lots of WBCs and antibodies. The lymph node then pockets the crud and kills it with all the WBCs and antibodies.

Question 3

Where are your tonsils and adenoids? What is their function?

Answer 3

Tonsils are in your throat and adenoids are in the tract going up into your nose. Their function is to kill any foreign particles that come into the mouth or nose. They are clusters of lymphocytes or nodes.

Question 4

What is the thymus and what is its function? What is the size of the thymus in adults compared to kids?

Answer 4

The thymus is right between the trachea and lungs. It make T cells for immunity. It is big I kids but shrinks in adulthood

Question 5

What is the spleen and what is its function?

Answer 5

The spleen is an organ rich in blood vessels that has nodes, like lymph nodes, with lots of WBCs. It removes old RBCs from blood. In other words its function is to filter the blood

Question 6

What is cerumen and what is its function?

Answer 6

Ear wax prevent microbes from entering through the ear

Question 7

Is innate immunity specific or non-specific?

Answer 7

Non-specific

Question 8

Is adaptive immunity specific or non-specific?

Answer 8

Specific

Question 9

What is the difference between being specific or non-specific?

Answer 9

Specific is when the body has adapted immune defenses specific to certain antigens or diseases. Non-specific is innate or something that your body was born to do. For example fevers and inflammation are both non-specific. (Non-specific will attack anything, specific only attacks certain things)

Question 10

What are the 5 different types of white blood cells in innate immunity, and what is the function of each?

Answer 10

1) macrophages- giant white blood cells that attack antigens with spider like appendages
2) neutrophils- create bleach to attack antigens
3) eosinophils- phagocytize antibody/antigen complex
4) basophils- enter tissue and release histamines
5) NK cells- (Natural Killers) poke holes into cells until they explode make cells commit apoptosis (cell suicide)

Question 11

What is inflammation, and how does it help fight infections? Is it specific or non-specific?

Answer 11

Red, warm, or swollen tissue
Damaged tissue that releases histamines
Dilate blood vessels
Make vessels leaky
It is non-specific

Question 12

What hormone is involved in inflammation and what affect does it have on blood vessels?

Answer 12

Histamines and it makes blood vessels dilate and makes them leaky

Question 13

What two types of cells release perforin and granzymes?

Answer 13

NK (Natural Killer) Cells and Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 14

What does perforin do?

Answer 14

Pokes holes in cells to kill them

Question 15

What do granzymes do?

Answer 15

Stimulate apoptosis

Question 16

What is apoptosis?

Answer 16

Cell suicide

Question 17

What is pus? What is an abscess?

Answer 17

Pus is trapped dead WBCs and antigens

An abscess is a trapped pus pocket

Question 18

What are two features of found in specific immune responses that are absent from non-specific responses?

Answer 18

1) specificity

2) memory

Question 19

What is meant by memory in the immune system?

Answer 19

When the body is able to remember or memorize specific antigen that enter the body and know who to attack them when they enter the body again.

Question 20

What is an antigen?

Answer 20

Foreign substances in the body

Question 21

What is a self-antigen and what is its purpose? How is it different from an antigen? Name 3 examples of self-antigens.

Answer 21

Self- antigens are ID markers that help identify what is really part of your body. It is different because they are found on the cells that inhabit your body and antigens do not have them. 3 types of self-antigens are types A, B, and O blood markers.

Question 22

Which WBCs are lymphocytes? Are they part of adaptive or innate immunity?

Answer 22

B & T lymphocytes

Adaptive immunity

Question 23

What kind of cell is responsible for the cell-mediated response?

Answer 23

T- cells

Question 24

What are the 3 types of T cells?

Answer 24

Helper
Cytotoxic
Memory

Question 25

What is the function of helper T cells?

Answer 25

Turn on B cells, NK cells, Cytotoxic T cells, other helper T helper cells. Kind of like a red flashing light to kill the antigen

Question 26

What is a Cytotoxic T cells and how does it work?

Answer 26

A Cytotoxic T-cell produces granzymes and perforan just like NK Cells, in order to kills antigens.

Question 27

What is a memory T-cell and how does it work?

Answer 27

A memory T cell is a cell that remembers certain antigens in order for the body to recognize how to attack it. They remain after infection is defeated.

Question 28

What cells are responsible for the antibody-mediated response?

Answer 28

B cells

Question 29

What are memory B cells?

Answer 29

B cells that memorize which antibodies to produce for a specific type of antigen.

Question 30

What are antibodies?

Answer 30

Y-shaped proteins. Also called immunoglobulins that are a type of blood protein

Question 31

What are the 3 ways antibodies attack antigens? How does each work?

Answer 31

Aggulation- antibodies make antibodies stick together Neutralization- antibodies attach to toxin and toxin can’t attach to self cells Opsonozation- basically a big kick me sign for the antigen to be attacked

Question 32

What is an autoimmune disease?

Answer 32

Immune system attacking body

Question 33

What is difference between an autoimmune and an immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 33

Autoimmune the immune system attacks the body, and immunodeficiency other things attack the body because of a lack of an immune system.