lymphatics and venous drainage

Question 1

lymphatic system function?

Answer 1

• to drain tissue fluid, plasma proteins, and cellular debris back into blood stream
• role in immune defence

Question 2

what part of lymphatic system filters lymph?

Answer 2

lymph nodes

Question 3

where is filtered lymph directed?

Answer 3

venous system

Question 4

where do superficial lymphatic vessels of upper limb arise from?

Answer 4

• lymphatic plexuses in hand
• ascend in the arm adjacent to/around the major superficial veins: basilic and cephalic veins

Question 5

function of deep lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

drain lymph from joint capsule, periosteum, tendons and muscles

Question 6

axillary lymph nodes

Answer 6

• pectoral/anterior
• subscapular/posterior
• humeral/lateral
• central
• apical

Question 7

pectoral/anterior lymph nodes

Answer 7

3 - 5 nodes in medial wall of axilla

Question 8

subscapular/posterior lymph nodes

Answer 8

6 - 7 nodes along the posterior axillary fold

Question 9

humeral/lateral lymph nodes

Answer 9

4 - 6 nodes located in the lateral wall of axilla

Question 10

central lymph nodes

Answer 10

3 - 4 large nodes in fat at base of the axilla

Question 11

apical lymph nodes

Answer 11

located in the apex of the axilla at lateral border of 1st rib

Question 12

function of venous system of upper limb

Answer 12

to drain deoxygenated blood from the arm/forearm/hand

Question 13

venous system of upper limb divided into?

Answer 13

superficial veins and deep veins
perforating veins run between these 2 types and connect the systems

Question 14

basic order of blood flow in upper limb veins

Answer 14

dorsal network of hand
|
v
cephalic vein (lateral) and basilic vein (medial)
|
v
axillary vein
|
v
subclavian vein

additional: cephalic -> medial cubital -> basilic

Question 15

venous system of upper limb - superficial veins

Answer 15

• basilic vein
• cephalic vein
• median cubital vein
• axillary vein
• subclavian vein

Question 16

origin of cephalic vein

Answer 16

lateral side of dorsal venous plexus of hand

Question 17

termination of cephalic vein

Answer 17

axillary vein

Question 18

origin of basilic vein

Answer 18

medial side of dorsal venous plexus of hand

Question 19

termination of basilic vein

Answer 19

unites with paired brachial veins to continue as axillary vein

Question 20

origin of medial cubital vein

Answer 20

cephalic vein near cubital fossa

Question 21

termination of medial cubital vein

Answer 21

basilic vein

Question 22

axillary vein location

Answer 22

lies medial to axillary artery in axilla

Question 23

what is the axillary sheath

Answer 23

encloses axillary vein, artery and brachial plexus cords

Question 24

origin of axillary vein

Answer 24

continues on from basilic vein

Question 25

termination of axillary vein

Answer 25

becomes subclavian vein at the outer border of the first rib

Question 26

subclavian vein origin

Answer 26

continues on from axillary vein at the outer border of the first rib

Question 27

subclavian vein termination

Answer 27

becomes the brachiocephalic vein

Question 28

is cephalic vein lateral or medial

Answer 28

anterolateral

Question 29

cephalic vein path at the shoulder

Answer 29

travels through deltopectoral groove (between deltoid and pec major)

Question 30

is basilic vein medial or lateral?

Answer 30

medial descends deep into arm before the axilla

Question 31

termination of basilic vein

Answer 31

unites with paired brachial veins to become axillary vein

Question 32

median cubital vein blood flow

Answer 32

connects cephalic to basilic vein flow: cephalic -> basilic

Question 33

axillary vein in relation to axillary artery?

Answer 33

vein lies medial to artery in axilla

Question 34

where are the deep veins located?

Answer 34

underneath deep fascia of the upper limb

Question 35

location of brachial veins

Answer 35

either side of brachial artery

Question 36

where is blood usually drawn from?

Answer 36

median cubital vein

Question 37

what is venous cutdown

Answer 37

emergency method of achieving vascular access when other techniques and equipment are unavailable in critical trauma situations

Question 38

common site for venous cutdown

Answer 38

basilic vein above the elbow cephalic vein below elbow