Lymphocytes

Question 1

Lymphocytes can be broken down into 3 families _________, __________ and __________.

Answer 1

Lymphocytes can be broken down into 3 families NK cells, T cells and B cells.

Question 2

NK cells are apart of the __________ response.

Answer 2

NK cells are apart of the innate immune response.

Question 3

T cells are part of the ________ response.

Answer 3

T cells are part of the cellular immune response.

Question 4

Function of the helper T cells is to _____________.

Answer 4

Function of the helper T cells is to regulate immune response.

Question 5

Subpopulations of helper T cells include _______, ______ and __________.

Answer 5

Subpopulations of helper T cells include Th1, Th2 and Th17.

Question 6

Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells expressing __________ antigens.

Answer 6

Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells expressing endogenous antigens.

Question 7

Function of the T regulatory cells is to ________________.

Answer 7

Function of the T regulatory cells is to control everything.

Question 8

B cells are a part of the __________ response and produce _________.

Answer 8

B cells are a part of the humoral immune response and produce antibodies.

Question 9

Subpopulations of B cells include _________ and ___________.

Answer 9

Subpopulations of B cells include Memory B Cells and Plasma Cells.

Question 10

CD4 activates __________ and are receptors for MHC class _______ molecules.

Answer 10

CD4 activates helper T cells and are receptors for MHC class II molecules.

Question 11

CD8 activates __________ and is the receptor for MCH class _________ molecules.

Answer 11

CD8 activates cytotoxic T cells and is the receptor for MCH class I molecules.

Question 12

The major molecules expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes are ________, ___________, _________ and __________.

Answer 12

The major molecules expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes are T cell antigen receptors (TCR), surface antigens, T cell receptors and mitogens.

Question 13

Important T cell antigen receptors include ________ and ___________.

Answer 13

Important T cell antigen receptors include TCR alpha/beta and TCR gamma/delta.

Question 14

Important surface antigens of T cells include ___________________.

Answer 14

Important surface antigens of T cells include CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8.

Question 15

Important T cell receptors include _________, __________ and _________.

Answer 15

Important T cell receptors include regulatory receptors, antigen-receptor complex and transport receptor.

Question 16

Regulatory receptor, H3 is a receptor for _______________.

Answer 16

Regulatory receptor, H3 is a receptor for histamine.

Question 17

Regulatory receptor, CD25 is a receptor for _______________.

Answer 17

Regulatory receptor, CD25 is a receptor for IL-2.​

Question 18

Regulatory receptor, CD2 is a receptor for _______________.​

Answer 18

Regulatory receptor, CD2 is a receptor for CD58.​

Question 19

Regulatory receptor, CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a receptor for _______________.​

Answer 19

Regulatory receptor, CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a receptor for complement.​

Question 20

Regulatory receptor, FcR is a receptor for _______________.​

Answer 20

Regulatory receptor, FcR is a receptor for immunoglobulins.​

Question 21

Antigen receptor complex, CD3 plays a crucial role in ____________.

Answer 21

Antigen receptor complex, CD3 plays a crucial role in TCR complex.

Question 22

Antigen receptor complex, CD4/CD8 is a receptor for ____________.

Answer 22

Antigen receptor complex, CD4/CD8 is a receptor for MHC molecules.

Question 23

CD71 is a receptor for __________.

Answer 23

CD71 is a receptor for transferring.

Question 24

Mitogens for T cells are _________, ___________, ___________ and _________.

Answer 24

Mitogens for T cells are phytohemagglutinin, concanacalin A, BCG vaccine and pokeweed.

Question 25

Major molecules expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ___________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

Major molecules expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes are **Bcell antigen receptors**, **surface antigens**, **B cell receptors** and **mitogens**.

Question 26

B cell antigen receptor binding chains are:

Answer 26

B cell antigen receptor binding chains are: **BCR alpha, gamma, mew, epsilon, and delta**

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are important surface antigens of B cells.

Answer 27

**Immunoglobulins** are important surface antigens of B cells.

Question 28

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, _________ and ______________ are important B cell receptors.

Answer 28

**Immunoglobulin receptors**, **antigen receptors**, **complement receptors** and **cytokine receptors** are important B cell receptors.

Question 29

Immunoglobulin receptor, FcuR is a receptor for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

Immunoglobulin receptor, FcuR is a receptor for **IgM**.

Question 30

Immunoglobulin receptor, CD32 is a receptor for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

Immunoglobulin receptor, CD32 is a receptor for **IgG**.​

Question 31

CD21 (iC3b) is a _________ receptor for B cells.

Answer 31

CD21 (iC3b) is a **complement** receptor for B cells.

Question 32

CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a _________ receptor for B cells.

Answer 32

CD35 (C3b, C4b) is a **complement** receptor for B cells.

Question 33

CD25/CD122 is a cytokine receptor used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 33

CD25/CD122 is a cytokine receptor used for **IL-2**.

Question 34

CD124 is a cytokine receptor used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

CD124 is a cytokine receptor used for **IL-4**.​

Question 35

CD125 is a cytokine receptor used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.​

Answer 35

CD125 is a cytokine receptor used for **IL-5**.​

Question 36

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and _______ are B cell mitogens.

Answer 36

**Pokeweed** and **lipopolysaccharide** are B cell mitogens.

Question 37

Four componentss of the TCR

Answer 37

1. Cytoplasmic Domain 2. Transmembrane Domain 3. Constant Domain 4. Variable Domain

Question 38

Cytoplasmic domain

Answer 38

Portion of the receptor that extends into the cytoplasmic sapce of the T cell

Question 39

Transmembrane Domain

Answer 39

Portion of the receptor that is rooted into the membrane

Question 40

Constant Domain

Answer 40

portion of the receptor that remains constant (sequence of amino acids is constant)

Question 41

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is key in recognizing specific antigens.

Answer 41

**Constant Domain **is key in recognizing specific antigens.

Question 42

Constant domain is a bridge that holds the __________ and __________ together.

Answer 42

Constant domain is a bridge that holds the **alpha** and **beta chains** together.

Question 43

Variable Domain

Answer 43

Changes depending on the maturation of the T cell

Question 44

Predominant receptor for immune responses is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

Predominant receptor for immune responses is **TCR alpha/beta**.

Question 45

The alpha chain of TCR alpha/beta is resposible for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 45

The alpha chain of TCR alpha/beta is resposible for **recognition of antigen and MHC**.

Question 46

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plays a minor role in immune response, its function is not completely understood.

Answer 46

**TCR gamma/delta** plays a minor role in immune response, its function is not completely understood.

Question 47

Gamma chain of the TCR gamma/delta is responsible for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

Gamma chain of the TCR gamma/delta is responsible for **recognition of the antigen**.

Question 48

TCR _______ participates in both innate and adaptive immune response.

Answer 48

TCR **gamma/delta** participates in both innate and adaptive immune response.

Question 49

TCR gamma/delta is found in the _____________ of the innate immune response.

Answer 49

TCR gamma/delta are found in the **skin and uterus** of the innate immune response.

Question 50

TCR gamma/delta of the adaptive immune response is found in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 50

TCR gamma/delta of the adaptive immune response is found in **GI tract and secondary lymphoid organs**.

Question 51

TCR gamm/delta of the innate immunity produce ________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

TCR gamm/delta of the innate immunity produce **IFN-gamma** and **IL-17**.

Question 52

Th1 subset \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 52

Th1 subset **IFN-gamma**.

Question 53

Th2 subset \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 53

Th2 subset **IL-4**.

Question 54

Function of the CD3 complex is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 54

Function of the CD3 complex is to **help activate the T cell**.

Question 55

T cell receptors are essential for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 55

T cell receptors are essential for **recognition of antigens**.

Question 56

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ recognizes its respective MHC molecule.→ _____________ attaches and fits to antigen. → \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is triggered to send signals to the rest of the cell. → Cascade of immune response begins.

Answer 56

**CD4/CD8** recognizes its respective MHC molecule.→ **T cell receptor** attaches and fits to antigen. → **CD3** is triggered to send signals to the rest of the cell. → Cascade of immune response begins.

Question 57

TCR and CD4/CD8 have recognized an MHC and antigen, CD3 complex is triggered and what bonds are created?

Answer 57

1. CD4 on APC binds to CD154 2. CD80 (APC) or CD86 (B cell) bind to CD28 on T Cell 3. CD80/86 binds to CD152 on T cell

Question 58

Binding of CD40 on the APC to CD154 triggers the APC to release \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 58

Binding of CD40 on the APC to CD154 triggers the APC to release **IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, CCL3**.

Question 59

CD80 on the APC or CD86 on the B cell bind to CD28 on the T cell to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 59

CD80 on the APC or CD86 on the B cell bind to CD28 on the T cell to **activate the T cell**.

Question 60

T cells activated by the CD80/CD86 bound to CD28 stimulate the production of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 60

T cells activated by the CD80/CD86 bound to CD28 stimulate the production of **IL-2**.

Question 61

IL-2 upregulates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, increases ________ and promotes ______ division.

Answer 61

IL-2 upregulates **cell survival genes**, increases **energy metabolism** and promotes **T cell division** division.

Question 62

CD80/CD86 also binds to CD152 on the T cell causing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 62

CD80/CD86 also binds to CD152 on the T cell causing **inactivation of T cell**.

Question 63

T cell suppression mechanism: Production of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → destroy \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → absence makes T cell __________ to antigen → T cell response is terminated

Answer 63

T cell suppression mechanism: Production of **indoleamine dioxygenase** → destroy **Tryptophan** → absence makes T cell **unresponsive** to antigen → T cell response is terminated

Question 64

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plays a significant role in amplifying the signal that is produced after an antigen is recognized.

Answer 64

**Co-stimulation** plays a significant role in amplifying the signal that is produced after an antigen is recognized.

Question 65

Immunoglobulin superfamily includes \_\_\_\_\_, _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 65

Immunoglobulin superfamily includes **TCR**, **MHC molecules **and **BCR**.

Question 66

All the receptors are in the superfamily of immunoglobulin because they all have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 66

All the receptors are in the superfamily of immunoglobulin because they all have **similar structures**.

Question 67

CD4+ T cells are found on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 67

CD4+ T cells are found on **helper T cells**.

Question 68

Elevated levels of _______ suggest increased lymphocyte reactivity.

Answer 68

Elevated levels of **CD4+** suggest increased lymphocyte reactivity.

Question 69

CD8+ T cells are found on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 69

CD8+ T cells are found on **cytotoxic T cells**.

Question 70

Elevated levels of \_\_\_\_\_suggest depressed lymphocyte reactivity.

Answer 70

Elevated levels of **CD8+ **suggest depressed lymphocyte reactivity.

Question 71

CD4 or CD8 are not expressed on _______ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 71

CD4 or CD8 are not expressed on **B cells** or **NK cells**.