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Heme Week 2 > Lymphoid system histology > Flashcards

Lymphoid system histology Flashcards

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1
Q

This part of the bone contains compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity containing bone marrow

A

Diaphysis

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2
Q

This type of bone marrow stores fat

A

Yellow bone marrow

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3
Q

This type of bone marrow contains pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells that can become RBCs, WBCs, or platelets

A

Red bone marrow

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4
Q

T and B lymphocytes are distinguished by their site of differentiation:
T cells in this location, B cells in this other location

A

T cells in the thymus
B cells in the bone marrow

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5
Q

Bone marrow is a special kind of loose reticular connective tissue and a functional substance composed of hematopoietic cells arranged as irregular cellular cords or islands separated by these

A

Thin-walled venous sinusoids

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6
Q

Bone marrow is a special kind of loose reticular connective tissue and a functional substance composed of hematopoietic cells arranged as these separated by thin-walled venous sinusoids

A

Irregular cellular cords or islands

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7
Q

These structures of the bone marrow form an extensive communicating network and are derived from nutrient arteries to the bones

A

Venous sinusoids

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8
Q

Venous sinusoids of the bone marrow form an extensive communicating network and are derived from these

A

Nutrient arteries to the bones

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9
Q

These can usually be recognized histologically by the fact that they are full of mature RBCs and therefore are seen as pink areas in the marrow

A

Venous sinusoids

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10
Q

In the bone marrow, oxygen is supplied by these, which enter the bone at the metaphysis

A

Nutrient arteries

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11
Q

In the bone marrow, oxygen is supplied by nutrient arteries, which enter the bone at this

A

Metaphysis

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12
Q

These arteries interconnect with sinusoidal capillaries (venous sinusoids) that allow for fast exchange of metabolites in the bone marrow

A

Nutrient arteries

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13
Q

Nutrient arteries interconnect with these structures, allowing for fast exchange of metabolites in the bone marrow

A

Sinusoidal capillaries
(venous sinusoids)

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14
Q

Venous sinusoids in the bone marrow are lined by a single layer of this type of endothelium, linked by gap and tight junctions

A

Simple squamous

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15
Q

These cells are modified fibroblasts that have many branching processes and produce the reticular fiber network that supports hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow

A

Adventitial reticular cells

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16
Q

Adventitial reticular cells are modified from this cell, and have many branching processes and produce the reticular fiber network that supports hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow

A

Fibroblasts

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17
Q

Adventitial reticular cells are modified fibroblasts that have many branching processes and produce the reticular fiber network that supports these cells of the bone marrow

A

Hematopoietic

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18
Q

The thymus is derived from endoderm and a small ectodermal element of the ventral wing of this

A

Third pharyngeal pouch

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19
Q

This organ undergoes progressive involution and extensive fatty infiltrating during aging

A

Thymus

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20
Q

What is involution of the thymus?

A

Thymus undergoes extensive fatty infiltration as we age

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21
Q

These separate the lobules of the thymus and extend inward from the fibrous outer capsule

A

Trabeculae

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22
Q

Blood vessels enter and exit the thymus via this

A

Trabeculae

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23
Q

This part of the lobule of the thymus is dark-staining and lymphocyte-dense

A

Cortex

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24
Q

This part of the lobule of the thymus is lightly-staining and more inner

A

Medulla

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25
Is the cortex or the medulla of the lobules (in the thymus) dark-staining and lymphocyte-dense?
Cortex
26
Is the cortex or the medulla of the lobules (in the thymus) more inner and lightly-staining?
Medulla
27
Lymphocytes enter the thymus via blood vessels at this
The corticomedullary junction
28
The thymus lacks this type of lymphatics
Afferent lymphatics
29
This part of the thymus contains developing T cells in an extensive meshwork formed by epithelioreticular cells (ERCs)
Parenchyma
30
The thymic parenchyma contains developing T cells in an extensive meshwork formed by these cells
Epithelioreticular cells (ERCs)
31
Epithelioreticular cells (ERCs) are primarily located in this part of the thymus
Cortex
32
ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) provide the framework for the developing cells of this type by secreting hormones necessary for proliferation, differentiation, and maturation
T cells
33
How many types of ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) are there?
6 3 in medulla, 3 in cortex
34
These cells of the thymus are identifiable by their large pale nuclei
ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) most of the cells with small, round nuclei packed into the cortex and medulla are T cells
35
This ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) type is located in the cortex, and separates thymic parenchyma from thymic CT and contributes to the blood-thymus barrier
Type I
36
This ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) type in the cortex compartmentalizes the cortex into isolated areas for developing T cells
type II
37
This ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) type in the cortex creates a barrier between cortex and medulla
Type III
38
This ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) type in the medulla creates a barrier between cortex and medulla
Type IV
39
This ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) type in the medulla compartmentalizes the medulla into isolated areas for developing T cells
Type V
40
This ERCs (epithelioreticular cells) type in the medulla produces IL-4 and IL-7
Type VI
41
Thymic (Hassal's) corpuscles are derived from these cells
Type VI epithelioreticular cells
42
This is a distinguishing feature of the medulla of the thymus
Thymic (Hassal's) corpuscles
43
Thymic (Hassal's) corpuscles are a distinguishing feature of this part of the thymus
Medulla
44
Thymic (Hassal's) corpuscles house these granules
Keratohyalin granules
45
Thymic (Hassal's) corpuscles likely produces these, which function in differentiation and education of T cells
Interleukins (IL-4, IL-7)
46
In the thymus, these are derived from type VI epithelioreticular cells, house keratohyalin granules, and produce interleukins (IL-4, IL-7) that function in differentiation and education of T cells
Thymic (Hassal's) corpuscles
47
The blood-thymus barrier is constituted by these three components from the lumen outward
1. Capillary endothelium 2. Perivascular connective tissue space (occupied by macrophages) 3. Type I ERCs
48
These cells surround the capillary wall of the blood-thymus barrier due to occluding junctions
Type I epithelioreticular cells
49
Can lymphocytes cross the blood-thymus barrier?
Yes, specifically at the corticomedullar junction
50
Bean-shaped organ divided into several compartments with a fibro-collagenous capsule from which fibrous trabeculae extend into
Lymph nodes
51
This part of the lymph node is penetrated by afferent lymphatic vessels which drain into the node
Convex surface of the gland
52
This part of the lymph node is where efferent lymphatic vessel transports lymph toward larger collecting lymphatic vessels
Hilum
53
Most lymphocytes enter the lymph node from the blood via this
High endothelial venules (HEVs) which are lined by a special endothelium bearing lymphocyte-homing receptors
54
In the lymph node, afferent lymphatics drain into this
Subcapsular sinus and then into the cortical sinuses
55
In the lymph node, afferent lymphatics drain into the subcapsular sinus, and then into this
Cortical sinuses
56
In the lymph node, lymphocytes germinate in these
Follicles (cortex)
57
In the lymph node, lymphocytes germinate in follicles (cortex), and then mature in this part
Paracortex as they move toward the medulla
58
High endothelial venules (HEV) are located in this part of the lymph node
Paracortex
59
These are specialized postcapillary veins that are lined by cuboidal cells, and are located in the paracortex of lymph nodes
High endothelial venules (HEV)
60
Arterial vessels enter the lymph node via the hilum, then divide into branches in this part
Medulla
61
These are dense aggregations of lymphocytes arranged as spherical unencapsulated clusters
Lymphoid nodules / follicles
62
This type of lymphoid nodule contains small, immature B cells
Primary nodule In response to antigen exposure, primary nodules become secondary nodules
63
This type of lymphoid nodule is pale-stained germinal centers where B cell proliferation and differentiation takes place
Secondary nodule
64
Do primary or secondary lymphoid follicles contain immature B cells?
Primary proliferation and differentiation takes place in secondary nodules
65
This part of the lymph node contains the densely staining lymphoid follicles
Superficial cortex
66
What forms the mantle zone around germinal centers in the lymph node?
Naive B cells of the primary follicles are displaced to the periphery of the secondary follicle
67
These are the main cells of the lymph node deep cortex
T cells
68
When T cells are activated and enlarge (paracortical response) to form lymphoblasts, the deep cortex may expand into this
Medulla
69
This part of the lymph node contains plasma cells and macrophages
Medulla
70
This is the most common cell in the medulla
Plasma cell (and precursors)
71
These are the accessory cell type in lymph node medulla, and they are located in the medullar sinuses and are supported by the reticular meshwork within the lymph node
Macrophages
72
Are lymphatic sinuses open spaces?
No, unlike blood sinuses, they are filled with macrophages processes to enhance filtration
73
The spleen has a convex surface, as well as a convex aspect known as the this, where the capsule thickens
Hilum
74
Blood vessels enter the spleen at this, and branch within its structure, surrounded by collagenous tissue, which form vascular trabeculae
Hilum
75
Most of the spleen is composed of an array of sinusoids and vascular sinuses filled with blood, known as this
Red pulp
76
This part of the spleen is a filter that removes aged or damaged RBCs and microorganism from circulating blood, as well as storage site for RBCs
Red pulp
77
This pulp of the spleen consists of capillaries, parenchyma, and venous sinuses
Red pulp
78
This component of the red pulp of the spleen acts as a filter composed of reticular support cells (called splenic cords)
Parenchyma
79
This component of the red pulp of the spleen runs within parenchymal tissue to allow for blood flow
Venous sinuses
80
In red pulp, sinuses are lined by flattened endothelial cells that sits on a discontinuous membrane that serves this purpose
Allows RBCs to effectively migrate
81
As the arteries of the spleen branch within the tissue and form central arteries, these central arteries are closely associated with aggregates of lymphoid tissue, known as this
White pulp
82
This is the immune component of the spleen, like the lymph node, except antigens enter the spleen from the blood rather than from the lymph
White pulp
83
These are the three zones of the white pulp of the spleen
Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) Follicles Marginal zone
84
This zone of the white pulp of the spleen is adjacent to the central artery, and contains T and B cells
Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS)
85
This zone of the white pulp of the spleen is composed of B cells, which are located near the arterioles
Follicles
86
This zone of the white pulp of the spleen surrounds the periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS), and is the most peripheral part of the white pulp, at the interface between the white and red pulp Composed of small lymphocytes (largely B) and macrophages
Marginal zone
87
The Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) of the spleen is adjacent to this structure
Central artery
88
The Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) of the spleen has a dense cellular area composed of this cell type
T cells
89
The Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) of the spleen has a less dense area composed of this cell type
B cells and the majority of T cells
90
The marginal zone of the white pulp surrounds this
The Periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS)
91
The marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen is at this interface
The interface between the white and red pulp
92
The marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen is composed of these two cell types
Small lymphocytes (mostly B) and macrophages
93
These are the discrete aggregates of lymphoid nodules under the epithelium lining entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts
tonsils
94
This is the largest of the tonsils
Palatine tonsils contain 12-15 deep tonsillar crypts
95
This part of the tonsils frequently contain plugs of lymphocytes, bacteria, and epithelial debris, which may be calcified
Tonsillar crypts
96
Waldeyer’s ring of pharyngeal tissue comprises these four groups of tonsillar tissue
Palatine, lingual, pharyngeal (adenoids), tubal
97
Tonsils contain both B and T cells, but primarily this
B cells

Heme Week 2 (7 decks)

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