Lymphoid System Part II

Question 1

Primary Immune Response

Answer 1

occurs with the first encounter of a pathogen or non- self antigen. Produce memory cells that recognize the same antigen if it reenters.

Question 2

Primary Immune Response stimulates _____ and ____ cells.

Answer 2

T and B cells; they become activated and proliferate and make clones to destroy antigens.

Question 3

Secondary Immune Response

Answer 3

occurs with another invasion of the same antigen. Memory B and T cells launch a more rapid and intense response.

Question 4

True or false: There is more than one way for a person to develop immunity to a pathogen

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Active Immunity

Answer 5

acquired through the use of a person’s immune response; memory is developed

Question 6

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

Answer 6

person exposed to pathogen; gets sick and recovers –> leaves memory T and B cells to fight later infections via a secondary immune response if it reenters the body

Question 7

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

Answer 7

vaccine of dead, weakened or inactivated pathogens or antigenic parts. Triggers primary immune response that forms memory T and B cells and antibodies to fight the pathogen if it reenters the body.

Question 8

True or false: booster shots cause a secondary response to boost antibody levels

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Passive Immunity

Answer 9

acquired without the activation of a person’s immune response

Question 10

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity:

Answer 10

infants receive maternal antibodies (igG) through placenta and igA via breast milk.

Question 11

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity:

Answer 11

injections of antibodies produced by another person, animal or synthetically (antiserum)

Question 12

True or false: antiserum used for emergencies when pathogens act too quickly

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Organ transplant

Answer 13

viable treatment for person with terminal disease of heart, kidneys and liver

Question 14

Major challenges in organ rejection

Answer 14

lymphoid system recognizes the new organ as non-self and attacks it.

Question 15

Options to limit chance of rejection:

Answer 15

1. determine compatibility of donor and recipient tissue
2. Administer immunosuppressive therapy

Question 16

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAS) GROUP A

Answer 16

determine compatibility of donor and recipient tissue; closer to 100% the better to accept donated organ

Question 17

immunosuppressive therapy

Answer 17

lymphoid system suppressed sufficiently to prevent rejection, but not enough to eliminate immunity against pathogens.
increases cancer risk

Question 18

Cyclosporine

Answer 18

selective immunosuppressive drug that inhibits T cell activity with minimal B cell effect; B cells are still able to provide antibody mediated immunity against pathogens.

Question 19

True or False: T cells are primarily responsible for organ donor rejection

Answer 19

true

Question 20

True or false: bacterial and viral infections are primary cause of death among transplant recipients.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (infectious disorder)

Answer 21

caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
attacks and kills Th cells
invades macrophages, which serve as a reservoir for the virus
leads to development of secondary diseases that lead to death
no cure; drugs that slow disease progression; virus resistan cells (risky)

Question 22

true or false: with AIDS immune defense decreases

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 23

AIDS, HIV, complication

Question 24

transmission of AIDS/ HIV occurs via:

Answer 24

sexual intercourse (vaginal fluid and semen)
exchanges of blood (needles, exposed wounds, mucous membranes)
childbirth (infected mothers may transmit HIV during birth)

Question 25

True or false: transmission of AIDS and HIV can occur via saliva and tears

Answer 25

false

Question 26

Elephantiasis

Answer 26

Tropical disease; spread by mosquitos Greatly swollen lower limbs or other body parts (edematous)

Question 27

What provokes Elephantiasis?

Answer 27

1. Lymphatic vessels blocked by round worms 2. Fluid accumulates in tissues drained by plugged lymphatic vessel

Question 28

Lymphadenitis (infectious disorder)

Answer 28

Inflammation of the lymph node (swollen glands) due to bacterial infection

Question 29

Bubo

Answer 29

Severe swollen lymph node

Question 30

Allergy or Hypersensitivity (non- infectious disorder)

Answer 30

Abnormally intense response to an antigen harmless to most people.

Question 31

Allergen

Answer 31

Can be triggered by a combination of environmental factors, rather than identifiable Difficulty to treat; drugs don’t work

Question 32

Sensitization to an allergen (non infectious disorder)

Answer 32

Result in reaction whenever exposure occurs; can be unmediated or delayed

Question 33

When does sensitization to an allergen occur?

Answer 33

When allergens bind with IgE antibodies in mast cell surface. These mast cells release histamine, stimulate inflammatory response

Question 34

Localized reaction

Answer 34

Unpleasant but not deadly

Question 35

Examples of localized reaction

Answer 35

Hay fever, hives, allergy based asthma, digestive disorders

Question 36

Systematic reaction (anaphylaxis)

Answer 36

Life threatening; impair breathing and cause circulatory failure due to drop in pressure as blood vessels dilate and fluid moves into tissue

Question 37

True or false in anaphylaxis blood pressure drops

Answer 37

True it provokes blood vessel dilation and blood movement to tissue

Question 38

Delayed reaction

Answer 38

Appear 1 to 3 days later after antigen exposure; this is due to cytokines from T cells

Question 39

Examples of systematic reaction

Answer 39

Bee sting and penicillin

Question 40

Example of delayed reaction

Answer 40

Poison ivy

Question 41

Autoimmune diseases

Answer 41

Y and B cells recognize body tissues as non self; produce immune response (change in body molecules)

Question 42

Examples of autoimmune disease

Answer 42

Rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes

Question 43

Which type of cell does diabetes Type I destroy?

Answer 43

Beta cells in pancreas

Question 44

Lymphoma

Answer 44

Tumor in lymphoid tissue

Question 45

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Answer 45

Malignant lymphoma (cancer of lymphoid tissue involving the production of B cells) Includes enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue and night sweats Treatment chemo and radiation; early

Question 46

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer 46

Group of disorders resulting from several genetic defects; deficit or absence of both T and B cells; lymphoid system is non functional .

Question 47

True or false :Infants have little protection against pathogens and usually die in 1 year

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Possible treatments for SCID

Answer 48

Stem cell transplant from the red bone marrow or umbilical cord blood and gene therapy