Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hematology/Immunology Part 2 > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is lymphoma primarily characterized by?

A

Solid tumors in lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are lymphomas classified?

A

By cell type, either B-cell or T-cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary function of B-cell lymphomas?

A

Related to humoral immunity and antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a hallmark symptom of lymphoma?

A

Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is essential for diagnosing lymphomas?

A

Excisional biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is staging important in lymphoma diagnosis?

A

To determine prognosis and therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What classification system is used for staging lymphomas?

A

Ann Arbor Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of lymphomas are Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL)?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the age distribution pattern for Hodgkin’s Lymphomas?

A

Bimodal distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are B-symptoms in lymphoma?

A

Fever, weight loss, night sweats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a common diagnostic method for lymphoma?

A

Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a significant complication of lymphoma treatment?

A

Neutropenic fevers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system in lymphoma?

A

Involves primary and secondary lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a common site for extranodal lymphoma?

A

Gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a typical presentation of lymphoma in physical exams?

A

Non-tender, hard, and firm lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the significance of elevated LDH in lymphoma patients?

A

Indicates abnormal lab results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the importance of staging in lymphoma?

A

Determines the extent and spread of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a common imaging study used in lymphoma diagnosis?

A

CT scans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the purpose of a bone marrow biopsy in lymphoma?

A

To check for bone marrow involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a genetic factor associated with lymphoma?

A

EBV driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What infections are linked to Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

EBV, HIV, Hep C, H. pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the lifetime risk of developing Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma for males?

A

1 in 46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of lymphoma is associated with a high rate of histologic transformation to a more aggressive form?

A

Follicular Lymphoma (FL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of lymphoma originates in epithelial cells and is often associated with H. pylori infection?
MALT lymphoma
26
What type of lymphoma is highly aggressive and more common in children and immunosuppressed individuals?
B-cell lymphoma
27
What is the primary mechanism by which radiation therapy affects cells?
It breaks DNA, generating free radicals that damage cells.
28
What are some acute side effects of radiation therapy?
GI tract issues, skin problems, and bone marrow damage.
29
What is a mandatory part of the initial evaluation for highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma?
Examination of cerebral spinal fluid
30
What chronic conditions can result from radiation therapy?
Thyroid dysfunction, cataracts, retinal damage, lung fibrosis, and secondary malignancies.
31
What is the prognosis for Burkitt's Lymphoma if treatment is delayed?
Adversely affected
32
How does chemotherapy primarily target cancer cells?
By affecting DNA structure or segregation during mitosis.
33
What is the typical treatment regimen for highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma?
Combination chemotherapy with high doses of Cyclophosphamide
34
What are common side effects of chemotherapy?
Diarrhea, mucositis, nausea, alopecia, and infertility.
35
What is the peak age distribution for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Age 20 and age 65
36
What is myelosuppression and its consequence in chemotherapy?
It causes pancytopenia, affecting leukocytes, platelets, and RBCs.
37
What virus is associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
38
How is anemia associated with chemotherapy managed?
By transfusions of red blood cells.
39
What has emerged as the dominant treatment option for R/R DLBCL?
Targeted therapies
40
What is the purpose of stem cell transplantation in cancer treatment?
To replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow.
41
What factors inform the choice of therapy for R/R DLBCL?
Type and response to prior therapies, timing of relapse, patient age, fitness, comorbidities, disease kinetics, and product availability
42
What are some reliable sources for information on cancer?
American Cancer Society, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Goldman's Cecil Medicine, UptoDate
43
What distinguishes autologous from allogenic stem cell transplants?
Autologous uses the patient's own stem cells; allogenic uses another individual's stem cells.
44
Where can one find detailed medical information on Non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Goldman's Cecil Medicine and UptoDate
45
What is the treatment of choice in the third line and later for eligible DLBCL patients?
CAR T-cells
46
What is the role of CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy?
It targets CD19 on cancer cells using engineered T cells.
47
What are the key features of glofitamab in R/R DLBCL therapy?
It is a bispecific antibody targeting CD20 and CD3.
48
What are second-line therapy options for patients ineligible or declining CAR T-cell therapy?
Tafasitamab/lenalidomide, polatuzumab/BR, or chemoimmunotherapy (R-GemOx)
49
What is unique about epcoritamab administration?
It is a subcutaneously administered CD3 x CD20 bispecific antibody.
50
What are third-line and later-line options for patients who have progressed on CAR T-cell therapy?
Tafasitamab/lenalidomide, polatuzumab/BR, loncastuximab tesirine, and selinexor
51
What can be considered for selected patients in R/R DLBCL therapy?
Ibrutinib or pembrolizumab
52
What is an emerging off-the-shelf immunotherapy option?
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies
53
What is a medical emergency related to neutrophils?
Neutropenic fevers
54
What is the ANC threshold for neutropenia?
<1000
55
What unique cell type is characteristic of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells
56
What are common symptoms of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Fevers, night sweats, and weight loss
57
What should be initiated immediately in the case of neutropenic fevers?
Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics
58
What is the most common histology type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Nodular sclerosis classical HL (NSHL)
59
What is the first line treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Chemotherapy and/or radiation
60
What is the goal of lymphoma treatment?
Cure/Remission or Palliation
61
What is the next treatment option if conventional lymphoma treatments fail?
Stem Cell Transplant
62
What does Complete Remission (CR) mean in lymphoma treatment?
No evidence of disease or disease-related symptoms
63
What does Partial Remission (PR) indicate in lymphoma treatment?
Regression of disease by at least 50% reduction in nodal size
64
What are bispecifics used in NH Lymphoma treatment?
CD20/CD3 - Glofitamab and Epcoritamab
65
What syndrome involves rapid release of intracellular potassium and phosphorous?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
66
What are the key diagnostic tests for Tumor Lysis Syndrome?
Liver function test, LDH, uric acid, renal function test, serum electrolytes, EKG

Hematology/Immunology Part 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions