Lynn

Question 1

What four forces can act on a fracture? What do they result in?

Answer 1

Bending - angulation
Torsion - rotation
Compression - shear and collapse
Tension - distraction

Question 2

When you bend a bone what forces do you create?

Answer 2

tension on one side and compression on the other side.

Question 3

When you bend a bone what forces do you create?

Answer 3

tension on one side and compression on the other side.

Question 4

What is an avulsion?

Answer 4

a fracture caused by tension

Question 5

kicking chip of cortex

Answer 5

saucer fracture

Question 6

transverse fracture forces

Answer 6

bending torsion and compression

Question 7

transverse fracture forces

Answer 7

bending torsion and compression

Question 8

forces on a oblique fracture

Answer 8

bending torsion compression

Question 9

what is a long oblique?

Answer 9

twice as long as diameter of bone

Question 10

what is a long oblique?

Answer 10

twice as long as diameter of bone

Question 11

what is overriding?

Answer 11

proximal displacement of the distal fragment

Question 12

what do you call it when fractures make a point?

Answer 12

apex - caudal cranial medial etc.

Question 13

what do you call it when fractures make a point?

Answer 13

apex - caudal cranial medial etc.

Question 14

What is the difference between external coaptation and external fixation?

Answer 14

fixation is bone splinting and surgical.

Question 15

is casting good for bending? what about torsion? compression? tension?

Answer 15

good for bending, ok for torsion

poor at compression and tension.

Question 16

where can you never use a cast?

Answer 16

femur, humerus or pelvis since cast will end at fracture site

Question 17

where can you never use a cast?

Answer 17

femur, humerus or pelvis since cast will end at fracture site
OR in a very small dainty dog

Question 18

biggest problem of casting ?

Answer 18

rub sores

Question 19

when would you use a cast? 6

Answer 19

• well aligned transverse fractures
• fractures that are stabilized by the ulna/tibia/metacarpals
• greenstick in young animals
• ligament and tendon injuries
• temporary support/ support for surgical repair
• to immobilize and protect surrounding soft tissue

Question 20

when would you use a cast? 6

Answer 20

• well aligned transverse fractures
• fractures that are stabilized by the ulna/tibia/metacarpals
• greenstick in young animals
• ligament and tendon injuries
• temporary support/ support for surgical repair
• to immobilize and protect surrounding soft tissue

Question 21

what kind of splint is better at stabilizing the elbow joint?

Answer 21

spica - up the side

Question 22

what kind of splint is better at stabilizing the elbow joint?

Answer 22

spica - up the side

Question 23

When do you internally stabilize a wound?

Answer 23

• If a joint surface needs very strong holding
• comminuted fractures
• avulsion fractures

Question 24

What forces can IM combat?

Answer 24

bending only!!

Question 25

How can you treat a femoral fracture through the growth plate?

Answer 25

IM pin - natural jag will prevent the torsion force.

Question 26

Which bones are good to IM pin?

Answer 26

humerus and alecranon

Question 27

Which bones are BAD to IM pin?

Answer 27

Radius

Question 28

When do you internally stabilize a wound?

Answer 28

- If a joint surface needs very strong holding - comminuted fractures - open wounds - avulsion fractures

Question 29

Which bones are good to IM pin?

Answer 29

humerus, femur, pelvis and alecranon

Question 30

Which bones are BAD to IM pin?

Answer 30

Radius/philanges

Question 31

How can pins be designed to reduce torsion?

Answer 31

threads that increase contact with cortical bone. These threads will form scar tissue though which is weaker so don't use across fracture spot.

Question 32

When is cercleage wiring a good technique?

Answer 32

long oblique fractures

Question 33

for an extensive fracture, what is required with an IM pin?

Answer 33

anatomic repair

Question 34

for an extensive fracture, what is required with an IM pin?

Answer 34

anatomic repair

Question 35

How much of the medullary should a IM take up?

Answer 35

60%

Question 36

Do you need to anatomically reconstruct when using a interlocking nail repair?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

Can you fix a radial fracture with interlocking nail? What can you fix with interlocking nail?

Answer 37

no! only femur, humerus and tibia

Question 38

Where can you use cross pins? do they prevent bending?

Answer 38

no! and physeal fractures/metaphyseal fractures.

Question 39

What forces to cerclage wiring control?

Answer 39

torsion compression and tension but NOT bending. Remember to always use two wires.

Question 40

What forces to cerclage wiring control?

Answer 40

torsion compression and tension but NOT bending. Remember to always use two wires.

Question 41

Acrylic vs rod/clamp connecting bars?

Answer 41

you can adjust rod/clamp but they have to be straight lines

Question 42

Acrylic vs rod/clamp connecting bars?

Answer 42

you can adjust rod/clamp but they have to be straight lines

Question 43

Which forces do bone plates control?

Answer 43

all of them. you can use JUST the screws but these do not control bending

Question 44

When can you not use a bone plate?

Answer 44

when the break is right at the end of a bone