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A & P Ivy Tech > M02 > Flashcards

M02 Flashcards

1
Q

Define hematopoiesis

A

formation of all blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets)

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2
Q

Define a “formed element” and know the three formed elements by their common names and more scientific names

A

solid portion made up of
- RBCs (erythrocytes)
- WBCs (leukocytes)
- platelets (thrombocytes)

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3
Q

Know the location where all blood cells originate and that they originate from a hematopoietic stem cell. More specifically, know which cells originate from myeloid stem cells, and which originate from lymphoid stem cells.

A
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4
Q

Know the scientific name of red blood cells, describe their shape, and describe characteristics

A
  • also called erythrocytes
  • biconcave disc shape: so they can easily
    transport gases & squeeze through capillaries
  • lack mitochondria & nuclei
  • avg lifespan is 120 days
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5
Q

Explain the function of hemoglobin inside of red blood cells

A
  • transports oxygen & some carbon dioxide through the blood

Oxyhemoglobin (with O2) is bright red.

Deoxyhemoglobin (without O2) is dark red.

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6
Q

Name the hormone and conditions that triggers the release of new red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

What is the average life span of a red blood cell?

A

120 days

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8
Q

What nutrients are required for erythropoiesis?

A
  • vitamin B
  • folic acid
  • iron
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9
Q

Define anemia

A
  • condition in which the O2 carrying capacity of blood is reduced due to the deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin
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10
Q

Name the two categories of white blood cells. Name the types of WBCs within each category

A

Granulocytes: granular cytoplasm & short life span
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils

Agranulocytes: without distinctly staining granules
- lymphocytes
- monocytes

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11
Q

Define diapedesis

A

WBCs can squeeze between cells of a capillary wall & leave blood vessel, then migrate toward infection site so that they can fight pathogens

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12
Q

Define chemotaxis

A

attraction of WBCs to an infection site by chemicals released by damaged cells

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13
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

englufing & digestion of pathogens

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14
Q

Be able to describe the appearance of each white blood cell or identify it based on its description. For example, a neutrophil has small, light purple granules and a lobed nucleus. Descriptions in your PowerPoint will help with this

A
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15
Q

Identify the main functions of each type of white blood cell

A
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16
Q

Identify the functions of Neutrophils

A
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17
Q

Identify the functions of Eosinophils

A
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18
Q

Identify the functions of Basophils

A
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19
Q

Identify the functions of Monocytes

A
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20
Q

Identify the functions of Lymphocytes

A
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21
Q

Know which white blood cell people have the most of, the least of, etc.

A
22
Q

Name two types of lymphocytes

A
23
Q

Define leukocytosis and leukopenia

A
24
Q

Explain what a differential WBC count is

A
25
Q

What is leukemia?

A
26
Q

Platelets originate from what type of cell?

A
27
Q

Describe the appearance of platelets

A
28
Q

Give the function of platelets

A
29
Q

Define thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Have you noticed a trend here? Whenever you see “cytosis”, it means an increase of a particular type of cell. “penia” means a decrease in that type of cell

A
30
Q

List the components and functions of plasma

A
31
Q

Define electrolyte and identify electrolytes that are in plasma

A
32
Q

Define hemostasis

A
33
Q

Describe the role of thrombocytes and platelet plugs in hemostasis

A
34
Q

Describe the overall function (but not individual steps) of the clotting cascade in producing a clot

A
35
Q

Define clotting factors. What is the significance of vitamin K?

A
36
Q

Know that the major event in blood clotting/hemostasis is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

A
37
Q

Is blood clotting controlled by a negative or positive feedback mechanism?

A
38
Q

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

A
39
Q

Explain what determines a person’s blood type

A
40
Q

For each blood type, be able to list the antigens that are on the red blood cell and the antibodies that would be in the person’s plasma

A
41
Q

Know which blood types are sometimes called the “universal donor” and “universal recipient” and why

A
42
Q

Explain what Rh positive and Rh-negative means in terms of the D antigen

A
43
Q

List/explain 3 functions of the lymphatic system

A
44
Q

Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries and how they are distinguished from vascular capillaries

A
45
Q

Describe the pathway that lymph follows (lymphatic pathways)

A
46
Q

Define lacteal

A
47
Q

What is lymph composed of?

A
48
Q

Know that the structure of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of veins

A
49
Q

What does the thoracic duct empty into?

A
50
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

A
51
Q

Which of the two ducts is the largest?

A
52
Q

Define edema

A

A & P Ivy Tech (5 decks)

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