M02

Question 1

Define hematopoiesis

Answer 1

formation of all blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets)

Question 2

Define a “formed element” and know the three formed elements by their common names and more scientific names

Answer 2

solid portion made up of
- RBCs (erythrocytes)
- WBCs (leukocytes)
- platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 3

Know the location where all blood cells originate and that they originate from a hematopoietic stem cell. More specifically, know which cells originate from myeloid stem cells, and which originate from lymphoid stem cells.

Question 4

Know the scientific name of red blood cells, describe their shape, and describe characteristics

Answer 4

• also called erythrocytes
• biconcave disc shape: so they can easily
  transport gases & squeeze through capillaries
• lack mitochondria & nuclei
• avg lifespan is 120 days

Question 5

Explain the function of hemoglobin inside of red blood cells

Answer 5

• transports oxygen & some carbon dioxide through the blood

Oxyhemoglobin (with O2) is bright red.

Deoxyhemoglobin (without O2) is dark red.

Question 6

Name the hormone and conditions that triggers the release of new red blood cells

Answer 6

Hemoglobin

Question 7

What is the average life span of a red blood cell?

Answer 7

120 days

Question 8

What nutrients are required for erythropoiesis?

Answer 8

• vitamin B
• folic acid
• iron

Question 9

Define anemia

Answer 9

• condition in which the O2 carrying capacity of blood is reduced due to the deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin

Question 10

Name the two categories of white blood cells. Name the types of WBCs within each category

Answer 10

Granulocytes: granular cytoplasm & short life span
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils

Agranulocytes: without distinctly staining granules
- lymphocytes
- monocytes

Question 11

Define diapedesis

Answer 11

WBCs can squeeze between cells of a capillary wall & leave blood vessel, then migrate toward infection site so that they can fight pathogens

Question 12

Define chemotaxis

Answer 12

attraction of WBCs to an infection site by chemicals released by damaged cells

Question 13

Define phagocytosis

Answer 13

englufing & digestion of pathogens

Question 14

Be able to describe the appearance of each white blood cell or identify it based on its description. For example, a neutrophil has small, light purple granules and a lobed nucleus. Descriptions in your PowerPoint will help with this

Question 15

Identify the main functions of each type of white blood cell

Question 16

Identify the functions of Neutrophils

Question 17

Identify the functions of Eosinophils

Question 18

Identify the functions of Basophils

Question 19

Identify the functions of Monocytes

Question 20

Identify the functions of Lymphocytes

Question 21

Know which white blood cell people have the most of, the least of, etc.

Question 22

Name two types of lymphocytes

Question 23

Define leukocytosis and leukopenia

Question 24

Explain what a differential WBC count is

Question 25

What is leukemia?

Question 26

Platelets originate from what type of cell?

Question 27

Describe the appearance of platelets

Question 28

Give the function of platelets

Question 29

Define thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Have you noticed a trend here? Whenever you see “cytosis”, it means an increase of a particular type of cell. “penia” means a decrease in that type of cell

Question 30

List the components and functions of plasma

Question 31

Define electrolyte and identify electrolytes that are in plasma

Question 32

Define hemostasis

Question 33

Describe the role of thrombocytes and platelet plugs in hemostasis

Question 34

Describe the overall function (but not individual steps) of the clotting cascade in producing a clot

Question 35

Define clotting factors. What is the significance of vitamin K?

Question 36

Know that the major event in blood clotting/hemostasis is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 37

Is blood clotting controlled by a negative or positive feedback mechanism?

Question 38

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

Question 39

Explain what determines a person’s blood type

Question 40

For each blood type, be able to list the antigens that are on the red blood cell and the antibodies that would be in the person’s plasma

Question 41

Know which blood types are sometimes called the “universal donor” and “universal recipient” and why

Question 42

Explain what Rh positive and Rh-negative means in terms of the D antigen

Question 43

List/explain 3 functions of the lymphatic system

Question 44

Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries and how they are distinguished from vascular capillaries

Question 45

Describe the pathway that lymph follows (lymphatic pathways)

Question 46

Define lacteal

Question 47

What is lymph composed of?

Question 48

Know that the structure of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of veins

Question 49

What does the thoracic duct empty into?

Question 50

What does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

Question 51

Which of the two ducts is the largest?

Question 52

Define edema