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PEDIA > M1: Basic Pediatrics > Flashcards

M1: Basic Pediatrics Flashcards

(78 cards)

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0
Q

0-14 days

A

Ovum

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1
Q

O-280 days

A

Prenatal

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2
Q

3-8 weeks

A

Embryo

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3
Q

9 weeks until birth

A

Fetus

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4
Q

2nd trimester of the fetus

A

Early fetal life

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5
Q

3rd trimester of the fetus

A

Late fetal life

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6
Q

Average Birth period

A

280 days / 37-42 weeks

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7
Q

Less than 37 weeks

A

Premature infant

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8
Q

Birth to 2 years

A

Postnatal Infancy

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9
Q

1st 4 weeks after birth

A

Neonate/Newborn

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10
Q

First year

A

Middle nursing

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11
Q

1-2 years

A

Transition/Toddler/Runabout

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12
Q

Early childhood

A

2-6 years

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13
Q

Late childhood for boys

A

6-12

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14
Q

Late childhood for girls

A

6-10

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15
Q

Simple, reproducible growth parameter. Can serve as an index of acute nutritional depletion.

A

Weight

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16
Q

Average birth weight

A

3kg

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17
Q

Weight 0-2 months: 10% decrease below birthweight in the 1st _____ days.

A

10

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18
Q

Weight 0-2 months: exceed birthweight by ______ of age.

A

2 weeks

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19
Q

Weight 0-2 months: _________ per day during the 1st month. (Fastest postnatal growth)

A

30g/1oz

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20
Q

Weight 3-4 months: growth of _____ per day.

A

20g

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21
Q

Weight 3-4 months: doubling the birth weight by _______.

A

4 months

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22
Q

Weight 3-4 months: by the first birthday, weight has _______.

A

Tripled

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23
Q

Weight: growth rate slows further as appetite declines. Increase of 5in & 5lb.

A

2y/o

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24
Weight: decrease in appetite & nutritional requirements. Picky eating. Gain of ____(4-5 lb) in weight.
Preschool years. 2kg.
25
Weight: growth of 3-3.5 (7lb)
School age years
26
Average length at birth
50cm
27
Length birth to 3 months
9cm
28
Length 4 to 6 months
8cm
29
Length 7 to 9 months
5cm
30
Length 10 to 12 months
3cm
31
Length has increased by 50%
First year
32
Children are about 1/2 of their ultimate height
2nd year
33
7-8cm (2-3in) in height per year
Preschool years
34
Growth of 6-7cm (2.5in) per year
Childhood
35
Height: 30 inches
1 year
36
Height: 3 feet tall
3 years
37
Height: 3x birth length
13 years
38
Height: 1/2 of mature height
2 years
39
Height: 40 inches or 2x the birth length
4 years
40
Birth Head Circumference
33-35cm
41
Approximates adult head circumference at
6y/o
42
Growth standards that describe how healthy children should grow under optimal environmental and health conditions
WHO charts
43
A growth reference, not a standard, and describe how certain children grew in particular place and time.
CDC chart
44
Height & Weight measurements may be converted to ________ or values that represent standard deviations from the median height and weight values for age.
Z scores
45
Any child whose height or weight Z score is __________ is considered to have an abnormal growth pattern. Height & weight of Z score more than ___ standard deviations below the median are considered to represent significant deviations.
Less than 1.64. 2.
46
CNS: dorsal induction
18-26 days
47
CNS: closure of neural tube
26 days
48
CNS: formation of neural tube
18 days
49
CNS: for language & speech. Mathematical, analytical & verbal functions.
Left cerebrum
50
CNS: visual, spatial & musical
Right cerebrum
51
CNS: life sustaining
Brainstem
52
CNS: coordinates smooth motor movements. Including speech articulation.
Cerebellum
53
CNS: formation of neuroblast & glioblast. Number of nerve cells a person will have in his lifetime.
Proliferation
54
CNS: at 6-8wks through 8 months. Movement of nerve cells from proliferation zone to final position. Leads to formation of sulci, gyri & corpus callosum.
Migration
55
CNS: at 6months of gestation and continues after birth. Formation of axons & dendrites.
Organization
56
CNS: at 6 months of gestation and continues into adulthood
Myelination
57
Are not well differentiated at birth. Cephalocaudal progression.
Tactile sensation
58
By ________, a fetus tastebuds already look like a mature adult.
13-15 weeks
59
Fetal swallowing increases when surrounded by ______ tastes and decreases with __________ tastes.
Sweet. Bitter & sour.
60
A fetal's nose develops between
11-15 weeks
61
Provides a constantly changing olfactory and taste environment for the fetus
Amniotic fluid
62
Auditory: ears begin to form
8 weeks
63
Auditory: structurally complete
24 weeks
64
Auditory: bones of the inner ear and nerve endings from the brain develop fetus hears the mother's heartbeat, and blood moving through the umbilical cord, and becomes startled by loud noises.
18 weeks
65
Auditory: baby begins to hear his mother or father's voice
25 weeks
66
Auditory: baby recognized voices
27 weeks
67
Auditory: is of adult size at birth drum membrane may be smaller and more oblique.
Middle ear
68
Auditory: is wholly cartilaginous and much shorter than in the adult
External canal
69
Auditory: is shorter & more horizontal
Eustachian tube
70
Auditory: basic auditory skills are completely mastered
3y/o
71
Last sense to develop
Vision
72
CVS: paired cardiac tubes
18 days AOG
73
CVS: primitive heart tube
22 days AOG
74
CVS: cardiac looping
22-24
75
Most important stimulus to the onset of breathing is
Anoxia
76
The true stimulus to breathing is the fall in ______ brought about on by the accumulation of ________.
pH. Acid metabolites.
77
Prominent by about 3rd month
Drooling

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