M1 L3

Question 1

1st who sought to explain the nature of light and their argumentation was intimately related to the problem of explaining vision

Answer 1

Greek Philosophers

Question 2

1st to state a number of important properties about light that are still commonly used, including the rectilinear propagation of light rays and law of reflection

Answer 2

Euclid (300 BC)

Question 3

Light follows the shortest path

Answer 3

Hero’s Principle

Question 4

Origin of Law of Refraction

Answer 4

Ptolemy (170 A.D.)

Question 5

Essential basis of geometrical optics

Answer 5

Euclid + Hero’s + Ptolemy

Question 6

Sight is restricted to visual cones or pyramids with the apex located pyramids with the apex located at the eye

Answer 6

Geometric Optics

Question 7

Never succeed in discovering the mechanism involved in vision because they are more focused on geometrical principles

Answer 7

Ancient Greeks

Question 8

Described the anatomy of the eye on the basis of dissections.
Concluded that vision was produced at the surface of the crystalline lens
“After-images produced after looking for a while at bright objects.”
“Pain felt when looking directly at a bright object.”

Answer 8

Alhazen (1000 A.D.)

Question 9

Made lenses used for spectacles to correct poor sight caused by presbyopia
Do not explain how it functions and was considered as magical curiosities of no use for serious studies

Answer 9

13th Century Italian Glassworkers

Question 10

Study the transmission of rays through lenses with geometrical optics
Describe the functions of spectacle lenses
Explains the image that was formed on the retina

Answer 10

Johannes Kepler

Question 11

Compared the eye to a camera obscura

Answer 11

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 12

Combined 2 lenses to facilitate magnified viewing distant objects

Answer 12

16th Century Dutch Spectacle-Makers

Question 13

1st to acknowledge the scientific importance of telescope and begin produce his own

Answer 13

Galileo Galilei

Question 14

Light consist of material particles

Answer 14

Democritus + Newton (1704) + Descartes

Question 15

Mentioned that color could manifest of different angular velocities of rotation of the light particles and that color is a property inherent to the light itself.
Used mechanical analogy of light by assuming that it consist of tiny particles.

Answer 15

Rene Descartes

Question 16

Made the Snell’s law of refraction

Answer 16

Willbrord Snell

Question 17

Found that spectral colors can be extracted from the white light using a prism.
Believed that light consist of minute particles was the cause of refraction phenomenon

Answer 17

Isaac Newton

Question 18

Speculated whether light propagate in wave-like fashion but eventually denied the possibility.
Examined transmission of light by small hole and its passing of tiny obstacles.

Answer 18

Francesco M. Grimaldi

Question 19

Contributed to the theory of light waves and in analogy with sounds

Answer 19

Leonhard Eucler

Question 20

Supports the wave theory of light and considered it as small spherical waves that forms a wave front that acts as a source for new secondary waves

Answer 20

Christiaan Huygens

Question 21

Explained the interference phenomena and accommodation of the eye.
Found that accommodation was caused by the changes in shape of the eye lens.
Suggested RGBV as the eyes 3 kinds of color responses.

Answer 21

Thomas Young

Question 22

Made a experiment on diffraction of light similar to Grimaldi and Newton

Answer 22

Augustin-Jean Fresnel

Question 23

Suggested that light waves must be electromagnetic in nature

Answer 23

James Clerk Maxwell

Question 24

Assume that light is consisted of tiny energy quanta.

Mentioned that light interacts with materials as if it consists of particles each carrying a tiny lump of energy.

Answer 24

Albert Einstein