M1: Laboratory Emergency Flashcards by White Mamba

Allows organizations to create organization-wide strategies to plan for disasters well ahead, so that they are prepared for any type of disaster, manmade or otherwise.

Preparedness Cycle

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5 Preparedness Cycle Elements

P
P
R
R
M

Prevention
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation

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4 Common Laboratory Emergencies

Chemical Spills
Biological Spills
Fire & Explosion
Personal Injuries

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A chemical disaster is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health and the environment

Chemical Spills

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When less than 20 mL or 1 gallon of hazardous chemicals is spoiled.

Simple Spills

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When over 20 mL or 1 gallon of high-hazardous chemicals are spilled.

Complex Spills

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Neutralize acid

Baking Soda and Vinegar

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Neutralize base

5% Acetic Acid

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Are an appropriate group of written, printed or graphic informational elements concerning a hazardous chemical that are affixed to, printed on, or attached to the immediate container of a hazardous chemical, or to the outside packaging.

Chemical Labels

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Is how the hazardous chemical is identified

a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party

a. Product identifier

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Used to indicate the relative level of severity of the hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label.

b. Signal word

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“Danger” is used for the more severe hazards

“Warning’ is used for the loss soboro hazards

b. Signal word

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Describe the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical

c. Hazard statement(s)

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Describe recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to tho hazardous chemical or improper storage or handling.

d. Precautionary statement(s)

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4 Precautionary Statements

P
R
S
D

Prevention
Response
Storage
Disposal

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Are graphic symbols used to communicate specific information about the hazards of a chemical.

e. Pictogram(s)

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Is the best source of getting information about the hazardous chemical.

Material Safety Data Sheet

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First “tentatively adopted as a guide” in 1960, and revised several times since then

National Fire Protection Association

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Elements of Fire

O
H
F

Oxygen
Heat
Fuel

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chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible fuel

Fire or combustion

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Spark, flame and high temperature are needed

Source of Ignition

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refers to planning and infrastructure design aimed at reducing the risk of fire or impeding the spread of a fine when one does break out

Fire safety

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encompasses the use of fire-resistant building materials. preventative actions: safe work practices, lite safety training, flame-resistant protective clothing, and more.

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Fire safety

Classes of Fire:

Ordinary combustible solids such as paper, wood, clothes

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Class A

Classes of Fire: Flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum oil, and paint and flammable gasses such as propane, methane and butane

Class B

Classes of Fire: Electrical equipment such as appliances, motors

Class C

Classes of Fire: Combustible metals such as sodium, aluminum and potassium

Class D

Classes of Fire: Cooking oil and greases such as animal or vegetable fats

Class K

Fire hazard: Examples: old rags, paper, and wood products a. Combustible Materials b. Combustible Dust c. Electrical Hazards d. Flammable liquids e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery

a. Combustible Materials

Fire hazard: Is a finely divided combustible particulate that presents fire hazard or explosion hazards a. Combustible Materials b. Combustible Dust c. Electrical Hazards d. Flammable liquids e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery

b. Combustible Dust

Fire hazard: Electrical circuits Metal structures can generate static electricity if not correctly grounded Electrical surges or voltage spikes in an electrical circuit can damage electrical equipment and present a fire hazard. Arc flash is a release of electrical energy caused by an electric arc similar to lightning. a. Combustible Materials b. Combustible Dust c. Electrical Hazards d. Flammable liquids e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery

c. Electrical Hazards

Fire hazard: Chemicals such as gasoline, oil, kerosene, cleaning solvents and paint can become a fire hazard if not stored correctly in a ventilated space. a. Combustible Materials b. Combustible Dust c. Electrical Hazards d. Flammable liquids e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery

d. Flammable liquids

Types of Extinguisher: For Class A fires only, Not suitable for Class B or C fires. Extinguish fire by reducing the heat and the foam helps to separate oxygen from the objects a. Water and Foam b. Carbon Dioxide c. Dry chemical d. Wet Chemical e. Clean Agent f. Dry Power

a. Water and Foam

Types of Extinguisher: For Class B and C fires. Not effective for Class A fire. Extinguishes fire by separating oxygen from the object and remove heat a. Water and Foam b. Carbon Dioxide c. Dry chemical d. Wet Chemical e. Clean Agent f. Dry Power

b. Carbon Dioxide

Types of Extinguisher: Multi purpose works for Class A, B, and C Ordinary work for Class B and C only. Extinguishes fire by interrupting the chemical reaction a. Water and Foam b. Carbon Dioxide c. Dry chemical d. Wet Chemical e. Clean Agent f. Dry Power

c. Dry chemical

Types of Extinguisher: For Class K fire only. Extinguishes fire by removing heat and separates oxygen from fuel elements a. Water and Foam b. Carbon Dioxide c. Dry chemical d. Wet Chemical e. Clean Agent f. Dry Power

d. Wet Chemical

Types of Extinguisher: For Class B and C. Use halon or halocarbon agents to interrupt the chemical reactions a. Water and Foam b. Carbon Dioxide c. Dry chemical d. Wet Chemical e. Clean Agent f. Dry Power

e. Clean Agent

Types of Extinguisher: For Class D only. Takes away heat and separates oxygen to extinguish fire. a. Water and Foam b. Carbon Dioxide c. Dry chemical d. Wet Chemical e. Clean Agent f. Dry Power

f. Dry Power

Simple Spill Kit C P A L F B

✓ Chlorine bleach or some other concentrated disinfectant ✓ Package or roll of paper towels (better ang pull-up towels) ✓ Autoclavable bag ✓ Latex or Nitrile gloves ✓ Forceps for picking up broken glass ✓ Biohazard Bag(s)

It isolates people from the hazard by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Favored over administrative and your PPE equipment for controlling existing worker exposure in the workplace because they are design to remove the hazard at the source before it comes in contact with the worker.

Engineering Controls

Limits the duration of working time of the workers at a hazardous place

Administrative Controls

Who performs the Administrative Control

Pathologist Chief Medical Technologist

Used internationally to indicate the actual or potential presence of a biohazard and to identify equipment, containers, rooms, materials, experimental animals or combinations thereof that contain ,or are contaminated with, viable hazardous agents.

Biohazard Symbol

treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood-borne pathogens.

Universal Precaution

minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient

Standard Precaution

set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes

Standard Precaution

Are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans.

Bloodborne Pathogegns

Bloodborne Pathogens V B P P

Virus Bacteria Parasites Prions

Hierarchy of Controls E S E A P

Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls Administrative Controls PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

The most effective control measure

Elimination

If a particular dangerous chemical or work process cannot be completely eliminated, then try to replace it with a safer

Substitution

By using a mechanical handling device or a closed glove system that can be operated from the outside

Enclosure

Can be effective method of control if a hazardous job can be moved to a part of the workplace where fewer people will be exposed, or if a job can be changed to a shift when fewer people are exposed (such as a weekend or midnight shift)

Isolation

To prevent the work environment from being too hot, cold, dry, or humid To prevent contaminants in the air from getting into the area where workers breathe

Ventilation

removing air pollutants

Local exhaust ventilation

can be used for keeping the workplace comfortable

General ventilation

The last effective occupational hazards (Least effective)

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

M1: Laboratory Emergency Flashcards

(57 cards)