M2: Routine Histopathology Techniques

Question 1

the tissue is then carefully dissected & examined under microscope whether stained or not

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 1

a. Teasing/Dissociation

Question 2

a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 2

a. Teasing/Dissociation

Question 3

small pieces of tissues (not more than 1 mm) are placed in a slide & forcibly compressed with another slide or cover glass

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 3

b. Squash Preparation

Question 4

cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide using a wire loop/applicator or by making an opposition smear with another slide

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 4

c. Smear Preparation

Question 5

the material is spread rapidly and gently in a direct/zigzag line throughout the slide

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 5

d. Streaking

Question 6

a selected portion is transferred to a clean glass slide and is gently spread moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart using an app stick

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 6

e. Spreading

Question 7

the 2 slides are then pulled apart with single, uninterrupted motion

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 7

f. Pull-apart

Question 8

the surface of freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed on the surface of a clean glass slide

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 8

g. Touch Preparation

Question 9

normally used when a rapid diagnosis of tissue in question is required especially recommended when lipids or nervous tissue elements are to be demonstrated

a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen

Answer 9

h. Frozen

Question 10

This is a hole on the microscope stage, through which the transmitted light from the source reaches the stage.

Answer 10

Aperture

Question 11

These are lenses that are used to collect and focus light from the illuminator into the specimen. They are found under the stage next to the diaphragm of the microscope.

Answer 11

Condenser

Question 12

It is also known as the iris. It is found under the stage of the microscope and itsprimary role is to control the amount of light that reaches the specimen.

Answer 12

Diaphragm

Question 13

It controls how far the stages should go, preventing the objective lens from getting too close to the specimen slide that may damage the specimen. It is responsible for preventing the specimen slide from coming too far up and hit the objective lens.

Answer 13

Rack stop

Question 14

The object appears dark against a bright background and the common microscope used in the laboratory is the compound microscope because it contains two types of lenses that function to magnify objects

Answer 14

Light or Brightfield Microscope

Question 15

The object appears bright against a dark background

Answer 15

Darkfield Microscope

Question 16

The energy source used in the electron microscope is a beam of electrons since the beam has an exceptionally short wavelength

Answer 16

Electron Microscope

Question 17

The light microscope relies on differences either in color or in light absorption to provide the contrast that makes it possible for us to identify the objects under the microscope.

Answer 17

Phase Contrast Microscope

Question 18

It is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image.

Answer 18

Phase Contrast Microscope

Question 19

It is used in histology primarily for the identification of crystals, such as talc, silica, alum, hematein, and urates.

Answer 19

Polarizing Microscope

Question 20

A tissue processor is a device that prepares tissue sample for sectioning by microscopic examination in the diagnostic laboratory.

Answer 20

Automatic Tissue Processor Machine

(Elliot Bench–Type Processor)

Question 21

It is a machine specifically designed to cut very thin sections of tissue. It uses steel, glass or diamond plate depending upon the specimens to slice for the desire thickness of sections.

Answer 21

Microtome

Question 22

prepare animals or plant tissues for light microscope in histology.

Answer 22

Steel Plates

Question 23

slice sections for light microscopy and to slice very thin sections for electron microscopy.

Answer 23

Glass Knives

Question 24

Plates that are used to slice hard material.

Answer 24

Diamond Knives

Question 25

it is used for cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues.

Answer 25

Rocking Microtome

Question 26

Invented Rocking Microtome in 1881

Answer 26

Paldwell Trefall

Question 27

It is the oldest type of microtome and it is cheap and simple. It is available in two sizes the small and large blocks of paraffin.

Answer 27

Rocking Microtome

Question 28

cut paraffin embedded tissues and is the most common type used for both routine and research laboratories at present.

Answer 28

Rotary (Minot) Microtome (parrafin)

Question 29

for cutting celloidin embedded sections. This was developed by Adams in 1789. There are two types of this microtome, the base sledge microtome and standard sliding microtome.

Answer 29

Sliding Microtome

Question 30

cutting sections of very large blocks like whole brain commonly used in neuropathology and ophthalmic pathology and more stable that ordinary sliding microtome.

Answer 30

Base Sledge Microtome

Question 31

it is different from base sledge in that blocks remain stationary while knife is moved backward and forward during the process.

Answer 31

Standard Sliding Microtome

Question 32

for cutting unembedded frozen sections

Answer 32

Freezing Microtome (queckett)

Question 33

for cutting sections for electron microscopy. The ultrathin microtome is primarily used for cutting tissue sections at 0.5 micra, for electron microscopy. Knives used for cutting ultrathin sections are broken plate glass in which preferred are the diamond knives.

Answer 33

Ultrathin Microtome

Question 34

A sharp knife in good condition is indispensable to the histologic technician and is the most important requirement for satisfactory cutting.

Answer 34

Microtome Knives

Question 35

is used to section paraffin, paraplast, carbowax embedded blocks.

Answer 35

Plane-Concave Knife

Question 36

used to cut celloidin-embedded block.

Answer 36

Planoconcave Knife

Question 37

used to cut frozen blocks.

Answer 37

Plane Wedge Knife

Question 38

a stone used to remove nicks from the knife

Answer 38

Hone

Question 39

leather strip used to remove the burrs created by honing

Answer 39

Strop

Question 40

for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked. This type usually gives the best result.

Answer 40

Belgium Yellow

Question 41

give more polishing effect than the Belgian yellow.

Answer 41

Arkansas

Question 42

is much coarser than the first two types and is used only for badly nicked knives followed by either one of the first two sharpeners.

Answer 42

Fine Carborundum

Question 43

Honing for Biconcave knives

Answer 43

20-40 strokes

Question 44

Honing for Plane Wedge knives

Answer 44

10-20 Strokes

Question 45

process whereby the “burr” formed during honing is removed and the cutting edge of the knife polished.

Answer 45

Stropping

Question 46

Made from acetyl polymer. which is a special high-density polymer that keeps specimens safely submerged in solution.

Answer 46

Tissue Casette

Question 47

These are used to mold the tissue block for easier handling during cutting.

Answer 47

Embedding Molds

Question 48

It is used for infiltration of tissues in paraffin, paraplast, carbowax, plastic/resin. The temperature is set at the recommended amount depending on the medium used.

Answer 48

Oven

Question 49

If the oven is not available, it is used regulated at 37 degree Celsius, is a welcome piece of equipment in the pathology laboratory

Answer 49

Incubator (an excellent drying oven.)

Question 50

to float, smoothen, flatten, and facilitate separation of embedded tissue ribbons.

Answer 50

Tissue Flotation Bath

Question 51

One consists of a during chamber within which a steady current of warm air blows over the slides and carries away the moisture.

Answer 51

Slide Dryers

Question 52

securely hold slides to stain cell components for better microscopic studies.

Answer 52

Staining Jars

Question 53

It used at a time to flatten and contain the sample when viewing section or smear, they must be fixed to the slides.

Answer 53

Slides and Cover Slips