M1- LESSON 1 Flashcards
-The creation of new knowledge and / or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. (O’Donnell, 2012)
- Searching and gathering information usually to answer a particular question or problem. (College of San Mateo, 2017)
- A process or steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue (Creswell, 2008)
Research
-“Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics).” Aliaga and Gunderson, (2000)
-A phenomenon is a peculiar incident that can happen anywhere, with any discipline or in any organization.
Quantitative research
ENUMERATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- It is reliable and objective.
- It uses statistics to generalize a finding.
- It reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited number of variables.
- It looks at the connections between variables and establishes cause and effect relationships in highly controlled circumstances.
- It tests theories or hypotheses.
- It assumes that the sample is representative of the population.
- The subjectivity of its methodology is a secondary concern.
- It deals with the details of the subject.
ENUMERATE THE ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
-It allows the researcher to measure and analyze the data to arrive at an objective answer to the problem posed or stated.
- The result is reliable since the study uses a big sample of population.
- Standards are usually used in choosing the instruments, in sampling procedures, and in choosing the most appropriate statistical treatment, thus making the research replicable.
- Personal biases can be avoided since personal interaction is not part of research process.
- Processes involved are simplified since the steps in doing quantitative research are made easy and systematic.
- Results can be reduced through statistical treatments and interpreted in a few statements.
ENUMERATE THE DISADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
-The context of the study or the experiment is ignored in such a way that it does not consider the natural setting where the study is conducted.
- Having a large study sample requires researchers to spend more resources.
- Results are limited since they are usually based on the analysis of numbers and are not obtained from detailed narratives.
- It provides less elaborate accounts of human perceptions.
- In experimental research, the level of control might not be normally placed in the real world because it is usually done in laboratory.
- Preset or fixed alternative answers may not necessarily reflect the true answers of the participants.
- Findings can be influenced by the researcher’s perspective since most of the time; the participants are unknown to him/her.
ENUMERATE THE TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- Descriptive Research
- Correlational Research
- Evaluation Research
- Survey research
- Causal-Comparative Research
- Experimental Research
-It seeks to describe the current status of the identified variable or phenomenon.
- This research method primarily focuses on describing the nature of a demographic segment, without focusing on “why” a particular phenomenon occurs. In other words, it “describes” the subject of the research, without covering “why” it happens.
Descriptive Research
It is the systematic investigation of the nature of relationships, or associations between and among variables without necessarily investigating into causal reasons underlying them.
Correlational Research
This kind of research aims to assess the effects, impacts or outcomes of practices, policies or programs.
Evaluation Research
- Is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting and studying samples chosen from a population.
- It may be done in various ways like face-to-face, phone, mail, and online.
- it may be cross-sectional or longitudinal.
Survey Research
This research utilizes scientific method to test cause-and-effect relationships under conditions controlled by the researcher.
In this case an effort is made to determine and impose control over all other variables except one.
An independent variable is manipulated to determine the effects on the dependent variables.
Experimental Research
