M1 U2: Clinical Laboratory Apparatus and Supplies Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What is required by laboratory apparatus made in glass ?
A
- Molded into any desired shape or form
- Offers maximum inertness
- Withstand thermal shock
- Resilient to survive everyday knocks
2
Q
Borosilicate glass is made with what glassforming constituents ?
A
Silica and Boron trioxide
3
Q
Coefficient of thermal expansion is low
A
Borosilicate
4
Q
Thermal stresses under a given temperature gradient are consequently low
A
Borosilicate
5
Q
Glass can withstand higher temperature gradients and sudden temperature changes/ thermal shocks
A
Borosilicate
6
Q
Minute scratching of this glass surface can reduce it’s thermal resistance
A
Borosilicate
7
Q
This is regarded as the maximum safe operating temperature of borosilicate glasswate
A
Strain Point
8
Q
Only these chemicals can increasingly attack Borosilicate’s glass surface with rising concentration and temperature
A
Hydrofluoric acid, very hot phosphoric acid, and alkaline solution
9
Q
This is highly resistant to water neutral acid solutions, concentrated acids and their mixtures as well as to chlorine, bromine, iodine, and organic matters
A
Borosilicate
10
Q
It can withstand repeated dry and wet sterilization without surface deterioration and subsequent contamination
A
Borosilicate
11
Q
This glass water shows no noticeable absorption in the visible region of the spectrum and it appears consequently clear and colourless
A
Borosilicate
12
Q
This glass has aluminum oxide in its composition
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
13
Q
Similar to borosilicate glass but it has greater chemical durability and can withstand higher operating temperatures
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
14
Q
Particularly suitable for use as a gauge glass
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
15
Q
Comparable to fused quartz in its heat resistance, chemical stability, and electrical characteristics
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
16
Q
This glass is strengthened chemically rather than thermally
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
17
Q
Used for high-precision analytical work
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
18
Q
Radiation-resistant and can also be used to for optical reflectors and mirrors
A
Alumina-Silicate Glass
19
Q
This glass is 96% silica, similar to fused quartz in its thermal properties
A
Vycor Glass
20
Q
This glassware can be used continuously at 900C and intermittently to 1200C
A
Vycor Glass
21
Q
This glassware is utilized for high thermal, drastic heat shock and extreme chemical treatment with acids (except hydrofluoric) and dilute alkali
A
Vycor Glass
22
Q
The products that resisted the impact of chemical medium and temperature differences momentarily and limitedly re mostly manufacture of the ___
A
Soda-lime Glass
23
Q
Lower energy demand and longer working times make this glassware most inexpensive
A
Soda-lime Glass
24
Q
This glassware can be recycled easily
A
Soda-lime Glass
25
Usually, the soda-lime glass is used to make pipettes
Soda-lime Glass
26
There are some glass equipment that is tinted dark brown or amber
Low actinic Glass
27
This glassware can be created from any material and are named after the colour
Low actinic Glass
28
Why is Low actinic Glass this certain colour ?
This is done to protect light sensitive chemical compounds from getting altered by infrared radiation, visible light, and ultraviolet radiation
29
This glass ware is of high thermal resistance with a red colour
Low actinic Glass
30
This glassware are made to be used and discarded, no cleaning is necessary either before or after use in most cases
Disposable Glassware
31
This is starting to replace glassware in the laboratory
Plasticware
32
This is known to have unique high resistance to corrosion and breakage, as well as varying flexibility
Plasticware
33
Plasticware versions of glassware have the advantage of being ___
More durable and less expensive
34
Major types of resins frequently used in the clinical chemistry laboratory are ___
polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, tygon, teflon, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride
35
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 70C
- Clear
- Not autoclavable
- Rigid
- Disposable
Polysterene
36
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 80C
- Translucent
- Not autoclavable
- Flexible
- All purpose reagent bottles, plastic test tube rack, carboys, droppers, specimen transport containers,
Conventional (CPE) / High-Density Polyethylene
37
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 130C
- Opaque
- Autoclavable with caution
- Rigid
- All purpose reagent bottles, plastic test tube rack, carboys, droppers, specimen transport containers,
Linear (LPE) / Low-Density Polyethylene
38
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 135C
- Translucent
- Autoclavable
- Rigid
- Screwcap and closure bottles
Polypropylene
39
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 95C
- Translucent
- Autoclavable
- Flexible
- Tubings
Tygon
40
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 205C
- Clear to transluscent
- Autoclavable
- Flexible (easily stretched and warped)
- Stopcocks, Wash Bottles, Beakers (for cryogenic experiments)
Teflon/ Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)/ Propylene/ Polytetrafluoroethylene
41
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 135C
- Very clear and shatterproof
- Autoclavable
- Rigid (Sterilizing reduces mechanical strength)
- All-purpose large reagent containers, carboys, plastic test tube rack, graduated cylinders, and centrifuge tubes
Polycarbonate (PC)
42
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 70C
- Clear
- Not autoclavable
- Rigid
- Bottles
Polyvinylchloride
43
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 120C
- Clear
- Autoclavable
- Flexible
- Tubing
Polyvinylchloride for tubing (PVC)
44
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 130C
- Transluscent
- Autoclavable
- Moderately flexible
Polyallomer
45
Type of plasticware:
- Temperature limit: 165C
- Clear
- Autoclavable
- Rigid
Polysulfone
46
This plasticware is:
- useful with water and aqueous salt solutions
- it is recommended for use with acids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbons, or essential oils
- storage beyond 24 hours is discouraged
Polysterene
47
This plasticware is:
- chemically resistant to most substances, with exception of aldehydes, amines, ethers, hydrocarbons, and essential oils
- usage of chemicals mentioned should be limited to 24 hours at room temperature
Polyethylene
48
For CPE, exceptions to being chemically resistant would include ___
lubricating oils and silicone
49
This plasticware has the same chemical resistance as LPE
Polypropylene
50
This plasticware is:
- chemically resistant to almost all chemicals used in the clinical laboratory
- unique anti-adhesive properties and non-wettable surface
- suitable for cryogenic experiments
- Resist extreme temperatures (-270C to 255C)
Teflon
51
This plasticware is:
- very susceptible to damage by most chemicals
- resistant to water, aqueous salts, food, and inorganic acids for a long period of time
Polycarbonate
52
What committee established specifications for AR grade chemicals, and chemical manufacturers will either meet or exceed these requirements
American Chemical Society (ACS)
53
These chemicals have been put through additional purification steps for use in specific procedures such as chromatography, atomic absorption, immunoassays, molecular diagnostics, standardization, or other techniques that require extremely pure chemicals
Ultrapure chemicals
54
USP (United States Pharmacopeia) and NF (National Formulary) are used to ___
Manufacture drugs
55
These chemicals are not recommended or reagent preparation in clinical laboratories
Chemically Pure
56
These reagents are used primarily in manufacturing and never be used in the clinical laboratory
Technical or commercial grade reagents
57
These type of chemicals are labelled with HLPC or chromatographic
Ultrapure chemicals
58
The preparation of these chemicals are not uniform
Chemically pure
59
This organic reagent is "spectrally pure" and purity levels attained by spectrophotometric procedures
Spectroscopic grade organic reagents
60
This organic reagent minimum purity of 99% determined by gas chromatography
Chromatographic grade organic reagents
61
This is a highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity
Primary Standard
62
These are used as primary standard in the clinical laboratory
Standard Reference Materials
63
This is a substance of lower purity whose concentration is determined by comparison to a primary standard
Secondary Standard
64
Who developed the SRM ?
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) specifically for use in the clinical chemistry laboratory
65
ACS purity tolerance of the primary standard >
100 ± 0.02%
66
This is the removal of particulate matter from municipal water supplies before any additional treatment
Preliferation
67
What does activated charcoal do in the purification of water?
Removes organic material and chlorine; absorption of organic matter
68
What is considered as hard water ?
Containing calcium, iron, and other dissolved elements
69
Filtration of hard water
Require glass or cotton filter than activated charcoal or submicron filter, which quickly become clogged and expensive to use
70
Describe the mechanism of distillation
Boiling, vaporization -> water vapor into coil of a condenser -> lowering of temperature of water vapor -> condensation -> collection
71
Distilled water meets specification of which types of water ?
Type II and Type III
72
This purification process is when water is passed through a cation-exchange or an anion-exchange resin followed by replacement of the removed ions with hydroxyl or hydrogen ion
Deionization
73
What is the two bed system in deionization of water ?
An anion resin is followed by a cation resin
74
Deionization needs further treatment with ___ and ___ to remove organic impurities, particulate matter, and microorganisms to produce Type I water
membrane filtration and activated charcoal
75
This is referred to as the utilization of pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane made of cellulose acetate or other materials
Reverse Osmosis
76
This may be used as pretreatment for water
Reverse Osmosis
77
This is excellent in removing particulate matter, microorganisms, and any pyrogens or endotoxins
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration
78
What is the biocidal wavelength of UV radiation in order to eliminate many bacteria ?
254 nm
79
Use of ultraviolet radiation to kill bacteria
UV oxidation together with ozone treatment
80
What are the categories of reagent grade water according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards ?
```
Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water (CLRW)
Special Reagent Water (SRW)
Instrument Feed Water
Water Supplied by Method Manufacturer
Autoclave and Wash Water
Commercially Bottled Purified Water
```
81
Purest reagent grade water
Type I Reagent Water
82
Uses of Type I Reagent Water
- prep of standard soln
- quanti analytical procedures
- electrophoresis
- toxicology screening tests
- high performance liquid chromatography
- used immediately after it is produced and cannot be stored
83
Used for general laboratory tests that do not require type I
Type II Reagent Water
84
Uses of Type II Reagent Water
- quali chem procedures
| - most procedures done in hema, immuno, micro, and other clinical test areas
85
Aka autoclave wash water and can be used as water source for prep of Type II and Type I
Type III Reagent Water
86
Uses of Type III Reagent Water
washing and rinsing laboratory glassware, but not for analysis or reagent preparation; final rinse of glassware should be with type I or II
87
Maximum colony count for type I reagent water
10 CFU/mL
88
Maximum colony count for type II reagent water
100 CFU/mL
89
Maximum colony count for type III reagent water
Not specified
90
pH for type I reagent water
Not specified
91
pH for type II reagent water
Not specified
92
pH for type III reagent water
5 - 8
93
Maximum silicate of type I reagent water
0.05 mg/L SiO2
94
Maximum silicate of type II reagent water
0.1 mg/L SiO2
95
Maximum silicate of type III reagent water
1 mg/L SiO2
96
Maximum resistivity of type I reagent water at 25C
10
97
Maximum resistivity of type II reagent water at 25C
1
98
Maximum resistivity of type III reagent water at 25C
0.1
99
CLRW
- Particulate matter: water passed through 0.2 micrometer filter
- Organics: water passed through activated carbon; <500 ppb
100
SRW
water used for HPLC can be classified as SRW
| used in testing that requires diff purity other than CLRW
101
Instrument Feed Water
Intended for internal rinsing, dilution and water bath functions of automated instruments
102
Water supplied by method manufacturer
- supplied for use as a diluent or reagent
| - generally NOT used as CLRW or SRW
103
Autoclave and wash water
- feed water for autoclaves and for automatic laboratory dishwashers with heat drying cycles
- purified to low level of inorganic, organic and particulate impurities
104
Commercially bottled purified water
must be validated for acceptable performance in the test procedures for which it will be used
