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PHARMACOLOGY > M2: Adrenoreceptor Agonist Drugs > Flashcards

M2: Adrenoreceptor Agonist Drugs Flashcards

(72 cards)

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0
Q

Receptors: formation of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1

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1
Q

Drugs that mimics norEpi & Epi

A

Sympathomimetic drugs

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2
Q

Receptors: Inhibition of adenyl cyclase. Decrease cAMP levels.

A

Alpha 2

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3
Q

Drugs that acts on Alpha 2 receptors

A

Clonidine/Catapress

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4
Q

Stimulation of adenyl cyclase and increase conversion of ATP to cAMP

A

Beta receptors (1,2,3)

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5
Q

Agonists of B receptors

A

Isoproterenol, Dobutamine & Albuterol

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6
Q

Dopamine Receptors: stimulation of adenyl cyclade and increase camp

A

D1

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7
Q

Dopamine Receptors: inhibit adenyl cyclase activypity. Decrease in cAMP.

A

D2

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8
Q

Example of D2 receptor drugs. For excessive lactation.

A

Bromocriptine

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9
Q

Widespread distribution of A & B receptors in the heart and blood vessels. Effect on BP: effects on HR, myocardial function, peripheral vascular resistance & venous return.

A

Cardiovascular System

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10
Q

Widely expressed in vascular beds. Arterial and venoconstruction. Inc peripheral resistance and dec venous capacitance. Heart: modest positive inotropic(contractility) response.

A

Alpha 1 receptor activation

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11
Q

Present in the vasculature. Vasoconstriction: locally, rapid IV & very high oral dose.

A

Alpha 2 receptor activation

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12
Q

Heart: increased contractility and HR. Inc cardiac output. Vasodilation: decreased peripheral resistance.

A

Beta receptor activation

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13
Q

IV admin: vasodilation of renal, splanchnic, coronary, cerebral vessels (at low doses). Heart: activation of B1 receptors. Kidneys: inc perfusion. Inc urine output. But in high doses may lead to vasoconstriction (for hypotension) maintain renal dose

A

Dopamine Receptor activation

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14
Q

Activation of B2 receptors, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles & bronchodilation. Name the organ.

A

Lungs

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15
Q

Affect Beta receptors in the heart and spare those of the lungs

A

Cardioselective Beta Blockers

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16
Q

Alpha receptor stimulation: pupillary dilatation and inc in the. Outflow of aqueous humor leading to dec in intraoccular pressure

A

Eyes

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17
Q

Alpha receptor stimulation: contraction of bladder and urethral sphincter then urinary continence. A receptor activation in ductus deferens & seminal vesicle

A

GUT

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18
Q

In metabolism, leads to lipolysis then release of FA & glycerol in the blood. Glycogenolysis leads to inc glucose release.

A

B receptor activation

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19
Q

B adrenergic stimulation: inc uptake of potassium in the cells

A

Hypokalemia

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20
Q

B adrenergic stimulation: _________ insulin secretion

A

Increase

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21
Q

Alpha 2 receptor activation: _________ insulin secretion

A

Decrease

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22
Q

Stimulates renin secretion

A

B1

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23
Q

Inhibits renin secretion

A

A2

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24
Both alpha & beta agonist. Vasoconstrictior and cardiac stimulant, increase in systolic BP. Vasodilation in blood supply of skeletal muscle. Inc blood flow during exercise.
Epinephrine
25
Agonist of both alpha1 & apha2 receptors. Increase peripheral resistance. Increase systolic and diastolic BP.
NorEpi
26
Immediate precursor in the synthesis of NorEpi. Impt neurotransmitter in the brain.
Dopamine
27
Deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia
Parkinson's Dse
28
Targets for antipsychotic drugs
Dopamine receptors
29
Pure alpha1 agonist. Not inactivated by COMT leads to longer duration of action than catecholamines. Used as a mydriatic and decongestant and can be used to raise the BP. Do not give OTC prep for HPN patients.
Phenylephrine
30
Prodrug. Enzymatically hydrolyzed to desglymidodrine (selective A1 receptor agonist) for treatment of orthostatic hypotension due to impaired ANS function.
Midodrine
31
Acts pharmacologically as phenylephrine via A1 stimulation. Causes prolonged inc in BP and vagally mediated bradycardia. Clinical application is rare & limited to hypotensive states.
Methoxamine
32
Ability to decrease BP through actions in the CNS leading to hypertension treatment
Clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine & guanabenz
33
For sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients.
Dexmedetomidine
34
Drug of choice for pre eclampsia. Only one safe to use.
Methyldopa
35
May lead to rebound hypertension
Clonidine
36
Definitive management of pre eclampsia
Termination of pregnancy
37
Ability to promote constriction of the nasal mucosa. Topical decongestants.
Xylometazoline & Oxymetalozine
38
May cause hypotension when taken in large doses
Oxymetazoline
39
Potent beta receptor agonist. Positive chronotropic and inotropic actions. Exclusive B receptor agonist that leads to potent vasodilation to inc CO.
Isoproterenol
40
Beta1 selective agonist. Chemical structure resembles dopamine, for hypotension. Specific to Positive inotropic action. Won't vasoconstrict the vessels. Usually administered with dopamine.
Dobutamine
41
First orally active sympathomimetic drug. Ma huang plant. High bioavailability and long duration of action. Mild stimulant; used earlier in asthma. Vasodilation.
Ephedrine
42
Components of decongestants. Used in manufacture of methamphetamine.
Pseudoephedrine
43
Component in over the counter appetite suppressants; decongestants. Use was associated with hemorrhagic strokes in young women. Can inc BP.
Phenylpropanolamine
44
Used and misused as a CNS stimulant. Same with ephedrine. Marked stimulant effect on mood and alertness and depressant on appetite. Action is mediated through the release of NorEpi.
Amphetamine
45
Variant of amphetamine. Same pharmacologic effect with amphetamine. Used in ADHD in children. Given 6hrs before bedtime.
Methylphenydate
46
Increases concentrations of epi, dopa, sero and glutamate while dec GABA. To improve wakefulness in narcolepsy. May cause inc BP & HR.
Modafinil
47
Normal byproduct of tyrosine metabolism. Found in fermented foods; cheese, sausage & all. May caused marked increase in blood pressure when taken with MAO(depression) inhibitors.
Tyramine
48
Selective inhibitor of NE reuptake transporter. For ADHD. May cause orthostatic tachy
Atomoxetine
49
Serotonin & NE reuptake inhibitor. Only FDA approved appetite suppressant for long term treatment of obesity.
Sibutramine
50
Local anesthetic. Inhibition of dopamine reuptake in the pleasure centers of the brain. Smoked, snorted into the nose & injected. Produces amphetamine like psychological effect but shorter in terms if duration. More intense.
Cocaine
51
Converted to dopamine in the body. Treatment of PD.
Levodopa
52
D1 receptor agonist. Peripheral vasodilation in some vascular bed. Given IV. For severe HPN.
Fenoldapam
53
Use of sympathomimetics when there is no immediate threat to patient. NoEpi, Phenylephrine & Metoxamin
Acute hypotension
54
Associated with hypotension, altered mental status, oliguria and metabolic acidosis.
Shock
55
Mainstays of treatment for shock
Volume replacement & tx of underlying cause
56
Positive inotropic agents (dopa & dobu) for shorter relieve of symptoms
Cardiogenic shock
57
Use of vasoconstrictor may improve corononary perfusion but will inc
O2 demand
58
Reflex sympathetic activation with inc HR & peripheral vasoconstriction
Chronic Orthostatic Hypotension
59
Chronic Orthostatic Hypotension tx
Inc peripheral resistance
60
Temporary emergency management give isoproterenol & Epi
Complete heart block & cardiac arrest
61
Redistribution of blood flow to the coronaries and to the brain during CPR
Epi
62
Are safer and effective for heart blocks
Pacemaker
63
For inducing local vasoconstriction during surgery. Achieving hemostasis, reduce local anesthetic and mucus membrane congestion.
Cocaine & Epi
64
Non selective: epi. Beta selective agent: isoprotenol. Beta 2 selective agents: albuterol, metaproterenol & terbutaline (mainstay tx)
Bronchial asthma
65
Anaphylaxis: bronchospasm, congestion of mucus membranes, angioedema & severe hypotension.
Epi. 0.3-0.5mg initial tx then glucocorticoid & histamine
66
For mydriasis
Phenylephrine
67
For patient's with glaucoma
Apraclonidine
68
GUT: tocolytic agents. Slow down uterine muscle contraction. For preterm labor
Ritodrine & Terbutaline
69
GU: for stress incontinence
Ephedrine/Pseudo
70
CNS: for narcolepsy
Amphetamine & Modafinil
71
For HPN, diarrhea in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. For alcohol & narcotic withdrawal. For menopausal women with hot flushes.
Clonidine

PHARMACOLOGY (8 decks)

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