M2 - Weight Reg Flashcards
Physical Activity
- ~30% of TEE
- Exercise (most variable)
- NEAT (Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis)
Thermic Effect of Food
- Energy required for digestion and incorporation of nutrients
- ~10% of TEE
- Varies slightly dependent on macronutrient
Resting Energy Expenditure ≈ Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- Energy required for basal cellular and biochemical functions
- ~60% of TEE
Approximate requirements for ‘caloric balance’
“Rule of thumb” for BMR
11 x lbs (men) and 10 x lbs (women)
Leptin
-Hormone secreted by adipocytes.
-Signals long term energy stores.
Appetite stimulation is ____ by default. Hormones are “____”.
-ON
-metabolic brakes
Targeting the ____ therapeutically is the key to successful long-term weight loss maintenance for many patients with obesity
set point
Define a calorie and a Calorie (kcal), and list the caloric value per gram (energy density) of each macronutrient.
-Unit of energy
-Energy required to raise 1 gm H20 by 1o = calorie
-1000 cal = 1 Cal = 1 kcal
-Protein 4 kcal/g
-Carbohydrate 4 kcal/g
-Fat 9 kcal/g
Fill in the equation: calories in =
REE + TEF + PA (Exercise + NEAT) +change in adipose tissue?
Describe the difference between the additive model and constrained model of total energy expenditure.
Additive: the more PA you do, the more total energy you are expending
Constrained: the more PA you do, the lower other TEE factors get, so TEE doesn’t change that much
Identify the system in brain that mediates “cravings” and reward driven eating behavior.
Mesolimbic System
- Dopamine
- Reward and Pleasure
- VTA (ventral tegmental area)
- NA (nucleus accumbens)
Identify the structure in the brain that mediates homeostatic weight regulation.
Hypothalamus
Name the hormone that signals long term energy stores, its cell source and the neurons that it regulates.
Leptin, adipocytes, ARC/VMH/PVH
Gherlin
Orexigenic signal (ONLY orex one)
GLP-1 and Leptin
Anorexigenic signal
