M3 Flashcards by Alexa Mari caluma

represent chemical changes or reactions, and
they show the reactants, products and the relative amounts involved.

Chemical equations

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the substances that react

Reactants

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the substance formed called

Products

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two reactants combine to give one product

Combination

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A + B → AB

Combination

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H2 (g) +O2 (g) → H2O(l)

Combanation

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A single substance is decomposed, or
broken down, to give to or more different
substances.

Decomposition

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AB→ A + B

Decomposition

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2H2O2 (l) → 2H2O(l) + O2 (g)

Decomposition

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One element reacts with a compound to replace
one of the elements of that compound, yielding a
different element and a different compound

Single replacement

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A + BC → B + AC or A + BC → C + BA

Single replacement

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2Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2ZnCl2(aq) + H2 (g)

Single replacement

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Two compounds exchange partners with each
other to produce two different compounds.

Double displacement

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AB + CD → AD + CB

Double displacement

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NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

Double displacement

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used to determine if a
liquid or solution is basic (alkaline) or
acidic.

Litmus paper

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Neutral

Red litmus remains red
Blue remains blue

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Red litmus turns blue
Blue litmus remains blue

Base

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Red litmus remains red
Blue litmus turns red

Acid

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2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Combination

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MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2

Combination

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CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

Decomposition

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Weight Loss results to

Evolution of gass

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Pag may compound na may hydroxide

Basic yan

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Blue litmus turns to red

Acid

Red litmus turns to blue

Basic

Neutral Ph scale

Acidic ph scale

Basic ph scale

2Mg+ oxygen

2MgO

MgO+H2O

Mg(OH)2

Weightloss means

evolution of gas

yung product nagiging reactants

Decomposition

AgCl+O2

AgClO2

H2+FeSO4

Fe+H2SO4

ZnCl2

2Zn+2Cl

KBr+H2O

HBr+K2O

Chemical reactions that can occur in either direction are called

Reversible reaction

Most reversible reactions

Do not go to completion

In a reversible reaction, posibleng ____

Bumalik pa sila aa dati nilang form

the capital letters represent

Formulas

the lowercase letters represent

stoichiometric coefficients

Double arrow means

the reaction is reversible

Chemical equilibrium exists when___

two opposing reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate.

Reversible reactions meaning

Chemical reactions that can occur in either direction

Inidcated by arrows pointed in both directions

Reversible reactions

When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress.

Le Chatelier's principle

How many types of stress

Enumerate the 3 types of stress

1. Change in concentration 2. Change in Pressure/Volume (for gas olnly) 3. Change in temperature

Based on Le chatelier's principle, Once a reacting system reached its equilibrium, ___

It will remain at its equilibrium until it is disturbed by a change of condition

Based on Le Chatelier's principle, If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing its conditions (applying a stress), ____

the system shifts in the direction that reduces the stress.

Increasing the reactant , the reaction shift to the ___, favoring the _____ reaction, forming ____ products.

Right, Forward, More

Mnemonics for Forward

RiFM

Mnemonics for reverse

LeRL

Decreasing the reactant, the equilibrium will shift to the ___&, favoring the ___ reaction, giving you _____ products.

Left, reverse, less

Addition of water

Does not affect the equilibrium

Releases heat

Exothermic

Assume heat as product

Exothermic

Assume heat as reactant

Endothermic

Absorbs heat

Endothermic

At high temperature

The equilibrium shifts to the right

At low temperature

The equilibrium shifts to the left

Will changes in pressure greatly affect the concentrations of solid & liquid?

Changes in pressure cause ---- in concentration of gases

Significant changes

As the pressure increases

> The volume decreases > Shifts to the right > favors forward reaction

when the pressure decreases v? d? type?

> The volume increases > Shifts to the left > Favors reverse reaction

Adding a ___ to a system changes the rate of the reaction (speeds up),

Catalyst

The catalyst does

Speeds up reaction but does not affect/ shift the equilibrium in favor of either products or reactants.

The point in which the reactants and products do not change in time.

Chemical equilibrium

the rates of forward and reverse reaction are equal to reactants and products being created at the same rate.

Equilibrium

3 ways that reactions rates can be increased

1. Changes in concentration 2. Changes in pressure 3. Changes in temperature

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changing its conditions (applying a stress), the system shifts in the direction that reduces the stress.

Le Chatelier's principle

Increase of pressure, decrease of volume, ___, ___

Right, Forward

Pressure decrease, volume increase, ____, ____

Left, reverse

Changes the rate

Catalyst

refers to the amount of reactants converted to produce in a unit of time

Rate of reaction

The study of rates of chemical reactions

Chemical Kinetics

4 factors affecting the rates of reaction

1. Nature of Reactants 2. Concentration of Reactants 3. Presence of Catalyst 4. Temperature

A more reactive metals can displace the ___

Less reactive metal

Substance that speeds up chemical reaction

Catalyst

A more reactive metal can

Displace the less reactive metal

Catalyst does noy affect

does not affect equilibrium does not affect the amount of product

Kl is a

Catalyst

Positive catalyst

Substance which increases the rate of reaction

Negative catalyst

Substance that decreases the rate of reaction

When you increase the temperature of any solution,

it increases the average kinetic energy of the components

As tge kinetic energy increases

the components move faster & collide into each other more frequently in a given amount of time

The increase in activity & energy

Increases the reaction rate to arrive at the end product more quickly

Mnemonics for the factors of rates

NCPT

exists when two opposing reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate

Chemical equilibrium

Pag pressure onti lang epekto ang epekto sa

Solid & liquid

Reactiveness

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminum Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold