M3. PLANNING: Problem Identification, prioritization, analysis

Question 1

Functions of Management:

POLCE

Answer 1

1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling
5. Evaluating

Question 2

ensures organized and orderly projects such as seminars…

Answer 2

Leading

Question 3

Four questions included in Planning

Answer 3

• Where are we now?
• Where do we go from here?
• How do we get there
• How do we know we are there?

Question 4

• study & conduct situational analysis
• know the prevalence of diseases
• conduct interviews w/ stakeholders & authorities

Answer 4

Where are we now?

Question 5

• empower the community to voice
  out their concerns
• address their concerns

Answer 5

Where do we go from here?

Question 6

Conduct and plan health projects to address
their concerns

Answer 6

How do we get there?

Question 7

• Conducting the evaluating part of the functions of management
• is the problem adressed?
• are they empowered?
• is the activity effective?

Answer 7

How do we know we are there?

Question 7

• Conducting the evaluating part of the functions of management
• is the problem adressed?
• are they empowered?
• is the activity effective?

Answer 7

How do we know we are there?

Question 8

in (blank), problems have been identified…

Answer 8

Strategic planning

Question 9

Problem is in the form of challenges called….

Answer 9

Issues & Concerns

Question 10

An explanation of the causes of problems further
clarified which matters should (blank) the
first substantive part of the plan document

Answer 10

merit attention

Question 11

provide planners with ideas to be considered in plan formulation

Answer 11

Analysis of constraints or
obstacle

Question 12

analysis of constraints/ obstacles

four considerations in plan formulation:

Answer 12

1. population
2. health status
3. health resources
4. socio-economic factors

Question 13

Focused on the reasons why an individual moves from healthy to sick state

Answer 13

Framework of Analysis

Question 14

Framework of Analysis:

attention is focused on why a proportion of the patients did not seek medical attention

Answer 14

upon getting sick

Question 15

Framework of Analysis:

attention is directed towards finding the reasons why some were not diagnosed correctly

Answer 15

Of those who sought medical care

Question 16

Framework of Analysis:

explanation is sought why some were not treated properly

Answer 16

Of those diagnosed correctly

Question 17

explore the reasons why some did not recover

Answer 17

Of those treated properly

Question 18

Five criteria in problem selection:

MVIAF

Answer 18

1. Magnitude of the problem
2. Vulnerability to change
3. Impact to society
4. Administrative support
5. Financial requirement

Question 19

• deaths cause by the disease
• prevalence
• incidence of the disease in the locality as measured by morbidity and mortality rates

high rates gain high scores

Answer 19

Magnitude of the problem

Question 20

• presence or absence of the technology
• measured by the effectiveness of an intervention to address the disease

the more effective the intervention, the higher the score

Answer 20

Vulnerability to change

Question 21

• scope of the population that is affected by the disease directly or indirectly.

high score = ???

Answer 21

Impact to society

high communicability
high degree of disability
high amount of money lost

Question 22

• extent of local executives’ endorsement of the project
• presence of personal motivation to support programs or health in general gain higher scores

Answer 22

Administrative support

Question 23

• amount of money needed
• larger amount = lower score

conduct problem prioritization
follow the criteria

Answer 23

Financial requirement

Question 24

- identifying **what the main problems are** - establishing **cause & effect relationship** - **key purpose of analysis** is the identification of **root causes** & they are subsequently address, not just the symptoms

Answer 24

Problem analysis

Question 25

undertaken as a **group learning activity**: **different stakeholders** who can contribute **technical & local knowledge.**

Answer 25

Problem analysis

Question 26

provides a **good foundation** on which to develop a **set of relevant and focused objectives**

Answer 26

Clear & Comprehensive analysis

Question 27

**process** is as important as?

Answer 27

product

Question 28

**project activity** should be taken as?

Answer 28

- learning activity - opportunity for different views & interest to be presented & discussed

Question 29

**One main tool** used in **problem analysis**

Answer 29

Problem tree

Question 30

Problem tree preparatory stage:

Answer 30

1. **clarify scope** of the investigation or analysis 2. **inform yourselves further** 3. **identify relevant stake holders** 4. **inform participants** to be uselful & productive 5. **conduct analysis**

Question 31

Steps in conducting problem tree analysis: | Main & 4Cs

Answer 31

1. identify & listing the **main problems** 2. identifying **core problems** 3. identifying **cause & effect** 4. identifying **cause & effect** (ulit X-X) 5. **checking the logic**

Question 32

- using contributions from the group - list all negative statements - print each problem statement on a card - display on the wall

Answer 32

identifying & listing main problems

Question 33

- identify **consensus core problems linked to most negative statements** - print precise definition of the core problems - display on the wall

Answer 33

identifying core problems

Question 34

**distribute** the negative statements according to **causes or effect**

Answer 34

identifying cause & effect

Question 35

- **leading** to the core problem - **listed or placed above** the core problem

Answer 35

effect/s

Question 36

- **resulting** from the core problem - **listed or placed below** the core problem

Answer 36

cause/s

Question 37

- clear but **very general in nature** - **affect not only the issue at hand** but **almost any health problem** - **placed at the side of the problem tree**

Answer 37

General constraints

Question 38

- **further structure** the statements - **what leads to this?** - **select from the other cards** the most **likely cause** and place it **below the chosen statement**

Answer 38

identifying cause & effect

Question 39

- combing to **produce an effect** - place **side by side below the resulting effect**

Answer 39

2 or more causes

Question 40

- **resulting from a cause** - **place side by side above the cause**

Answer 40

multiple effects

Question 41

- Pick out **one card** from the **top of the problem tree** - **what leads to, or causes that?**

Answer 41

checking the logic

Question 42

use **arrows** to show?

Answer 42

cause & effect relationship

Question 43

- done by preparing an **objective tree** - **problem statements into objective statements** - **means-end relationship between objectives** - **Leads directly** into developing the projects’ **narrative descriptions in the logical framework matrix** ## Footnote problem statments are? objective statments are?

Answer 43

Objective analysis ## Footnote **negatives** **positives**

Question 44

- done by preparing an **alternative tree**

Answer 44

alternative analysis

Question 45

should **demonstrate the main alternative options** have been **considered & assessed**

Answer 45

project/ program design

Question 46

- **not a linear process** - an **interative process** - **does not move mechanically** from one step to the next - always in **forward direction** - **arrive automatically at the best solutions**

Answer 46

planning