M3- Relationship with the Catholic Church Flashcards
(35 cards)
what did Mussolini declare Catholicism to be in the New Programme?
the political force which would bring out Italian unity and nationalism
what did Mussolini say about Fascism’s view of the Catholic Church?
that fascism neither preaches nor practices anticlericalism
when did Pope Pius XI become Pope?
January 1922
why did Pius XI appreciate fascism?
he saw it as the only means in which Italy could be saved from a left-wing revolution
why did the RCC hate the socialists/communists?
they claimed that their societies had no God
why did the RCC hate the Liberals?
they had been anti-Catholic throughout their time in office
what policies did Mussolini introduce which benefitted the RCC?
- religious education was reintroduced
- crucifixes were restored to public buildings
- priests got a pay rise
- ban on freemasonry
- ban on anticlerical journals
- dropped proposed plans to tax church property
what personal commitment did Mussolini take to get closer to the RCC?
he had his 3 children baptised and married his wife in a church
what happened to the PPI?
the Pope supported the PNF instead as they were willing to support the Church
he no longer gave any support to the PPI
when was Luigi Sturzo ordered to resign?
1923
Pope ordered his resignation and called for PPI members to support the PNF instead
what was the Pope’s position on the Matteotti crisis?
he backed Mussolini and the PNF
when were the Lateran Pacts signed?
11 February 1929
what were the three sections of the Lateran Pacts?
a treaty
a financial convention
a Concordat
how much land did the Lateran Pacts give to the Pope?
44 hectares
the sovereign state of the Vatican City
how much compensation did the Lateran Pacts give to the Pope?
750 million lire
in compensation for the loss of Church land in 1870
what did the Lateran Pacts outline about Catholic youth groups?
they were allowed to continue as long as they did not interfere with Italian politics
what were Catholic youth groups called?
Catholic Action
key aspects of the Lateran Pacts
- 44 hectares of land given to the Pope
- gave the pope 750 million lire for compensation
- Catholicism was recognised as the official state religion in Italy
- Catholic youth groups allowed to continue as long as no political activities were occurring
how were the Lateran Pacts significant for Mussolini?
he was the man who had solved the Roman Question
his prestige had increased both in Italy and abroad
he now had the support of the RCC which would allow him to complete his consolidation of power
how were the Lateran Pacts a limitation of Mussolini’s dictatorship?
can be seen as a major concession made by Mussolini
he was not the ultimate, unchallenged ruler of Italy as he had given the Church a lot of influence over the Italian people through the Lateran Pacts
in what way had Church support help M?
in the March 1929 plebiscite
support of economic, social and foreign policy in the 1930s
what did M use the plebiscites for?
so that he could claim that he had the support of the Italian people behind him
how had the Church supported Mussolini in the March 1929 plebiscite?
as a part of the Lateran Pacts, the Church were obliged to voice their support for the Fascists
Catholic Action appealed to voters to vote ‘yes’
result of the 1929 plebiscite?
98% of 8.63 million voted yes
led to the approvement of the Lateran Pacts
