M4

Question 1

• is the statistical study of human populations.
• includes the study of the size, structure, and distributions of different populations and changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death.
• also includes the analysis of the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological processes influencing a population.

Answer 1

Demography

Question 2

the number or body of inhabitants in a place belonging to a specific social, cultural, socioeconomic, ethnic, or racial subgroup.

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

– is a technique used to develop an understanding of the age, sex, and racial composition of a population and how it has changed over time through the basic demographic processes of birth, death, and migration.

Answer 3

Demographic Analysis

Question 4

is broadly defined as the scientific study of human populations

Answer 4

Population Studies

Question 5

the absolute number of a population or any demographic event occurring in a specified area in a specified time period.

Answer 5

Count

Question 6

the frequency of demographic events in the population during a specified time period divided by the population “at risk” of the event occurring during that time period.

Answer 6

Rate

Question 7

the relation of one population subgroup to the total population or to another subgroup; that is, one subgroup divided by another.

Answer 7

Ratio

Question 8

the relation of a population subgroup to the entire population; that is, a population subgroup divided by the entire population.

Answer 8

Proportion

Question 9

an unchanging, arbitrary number by which rates, ratios, or proportions can be multiplied to express these measures in a more understandable fashion.

Answer 9

Constant

Question 10

a statistic that measures events occurring to a a group of people sharing a common demographic experience who are observed through time

Answer 10

COHORT

Question 11

a statistic that measures events occurring to all or part of a population during one period of time.

Answer 11

Period Measure

Question 12

is the description of a population according to characteristics such as age, sex, race or other factors.

Answer 12

Population Composition

Question 13

Age and sex are very often studied together in something we call a ________

Answer 13

Population Pyramid

Question 14

True or False:
A population growing at a consistent rate is expected to form a triangular shape (hence the name population pyramid). A more rectangular shape indicates a population that is growing slowly and steadily.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

are derived from information obtained at the time when the occurrences of vital events and their characteristics are inscribed in a civil register

Answer 15

Vital Statistics

Question 16

Recording of these events in the civil register is known as (1)_______ and the resulting documents are called (2)______.

Answer 16

1. vital or civil registration
2. vital records

Question 17

are used when these changes cannot be measured directly, as for example health or nutritional status. If measured sequentially over time they can indicate direction and speed of change and serves to compare different areas and groups of people at the same moment in time.

Answer 17

Demographic Indicators

Question 18

Demographic Indicators:
- should measure what they are supposed to measure

Answer 18

Valid

Question 19

Demographic Indicators:
- should have the ability to obtain data needed

Answer 19

Feasible

Question 20

Demographic Indicators:
- the answers should be the same if measured by different people in similar circumstances

Answer 20

Reliable

Question 21

Demographic Indicators:
- should contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon

Answer 21

Relevant

Question 22

Demographic Indicators:
- should be sensitive in the situation concerned

Answer 22

Sensitive

Question 23

Demographic Indicators:
-should reflect changes only in the situation concerned

Answer 23

Specific

Question 24

Demographic Indicators:
- It is a single indicator which can signal a broad range of health problems.

Answer 24

Mortality Indicators

Question 25

Mortality Indicators: - Counts all death

Answer 25

Crude mortality rate

Question 26

Mortality Indicators: - counts only death in a specific age group

Answer 26

Age-specific mortality rate

Question 27

Mortality Indicators: - Counts deaths in children less than 12 months of age, divides by number of live births in same time period.

Answer 27

Infant Mortality Rate

Question 28

Mortality Indicators: - Counts deaths in women due to pregnancy or childbirth, divides by number of live births in same time period

Answer 28

Maternal Mortality Rate

Question 29

Mortality Indicators: - Counts deaths in the first 5 years of life, divides by number of live births in the hypothetical cohort of newborns

Answer 29

Under-5 mortality rate

Question 30

It has been defined as any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well-being. In practice, it encompasses disease, injury, and disability.

Answer 30

Morbidity

Question 31

refers to the occurrence of new cases of disease or injury in a population over a specified period of time. Although some epidemiologists use it to mean the number of new cases in a community, others use it to mean the number of new cases per unit of population.

Answer 31

Incidence

Question 31

characterize the number of persons in a population who become ill (incidence) or are ill at a given time (prevalence).

Answer 31

Measures of morbidity frequency

Question 31

What are the two types of incidence that are commonly used?

Answer 31

Incidence Proportion and Incidence Rate

Question 32

Morbidity Measure: No. of new cases during specified time interval/ pop. at start of time interval

Answer 32

Incidence proprtion/ Attack rate/ Risk

Question 33

Morbidity Measure: No. of new cases among contact/ total no. of contact

Answer 33

secondary attack rate

Question 34

Morbidity Measure: No. of new cases during specified time interval/ Total person-years of observation or average pop. during time interval

Answer 34

Incidence rate/ Person-time rate

Question 35

Morbidity Measure: no. of current cases (new and preexisting) at a specified time/ pop. at same specified point in time

Answer 35

Point prevalence

Question 36

Morbidity Measure: no. of current cases (new and preexisting) at a specified time/ average or mid interval population

Answer 36

Period Prevalence

Question 36

The International Classification of Functioning, _________ and Health (ICF) defines disability as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions

Answer 36

Disability

Question 37

is the interaction between individuals with a health condition (e.g. cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and depression) and personal and environmental factors (e.g. negative attitudes, inaccessible transportation and public buildings, and limited social supports).

Answer 37

Disability

Question 38

IREVIEW MO TO: - Over a billion people, about 15% of the world's population, have some form of disability. - Between 110 million and 190 million adults have significant difficulties in functioning. - Rates of disability are increasing due to population ageing and increases in chronic health conditions, among other causes. - People with disabilities have less access to health care services and therefore experience unmet health care needs.

Answer 38

medtech pa, happy? HUHUHIHUH

Question 39

The ______ ______ indicators for the CDC growth charts include obesity , overweight, underweight, and short stature

Answer 39

Nutritional status

Question 40

The indicators reflect the equity of distribution of health resources in different parts of the country and provision of health care.

Answer 40

Healthcare Delivery Indicators

Question 41

actual coverage expressed as the proportion of people in need of a service who actually receive it in a given period, usually a year. It give some indication of the care needed by a population, and therefore the health status of the population.

Answer 41

Utilization rate

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE: A relationship exists between utilization of health care services and health needs and status.

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE: Direct positive indicators of social and mental health are not available

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

TRUE OR FALSE: indirect measures like indicators of social and mental pathology are relied upon – social indicators such as various acts of violence, crime, suicide, homicide, road accidents, juvenile delinquency, alcohol and drug abuse, smoking, consumption of tranquillizers and other antisocial activities can be used as guides to improving social health of the people

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

these Indicators reflect the quality of physical and biological environment in which diseases occur and in which people live.

Answer 45

Environmental Indicators

Question 46

These indicators do not directly measure health. However, these are important in the interpretation of indicators of healthcare

Answer 46

Socioeconomic indicators

Question 47

Allocation of adequate resources to the health sector is also an indicator of political commitment to health. The relevant indicators are: 1. Proportion of GNP spent on health services 2. Proportion of GNP spent on health-related activities including water, sanitation, nutrition 3. Proportion of total health resources devoted to primary health care

Answer 47

Health Policy Indicators