M5

Question 1

The Challenge

Identified match, group, cluster, network in a FIGG investigation may have a

Answer 1

Common name (e.g., Smith)

Question 2

Building out trees from the WRONG person, or an incorrect person, could be

Answer 2

detrimental to a FIGG investigation

Question 3

Identifying/Verifying a DNA match accurately is one of the most

Answer 3

critical steps in FIGG investigations and all future research for the case depends on that accuracy.

Question 4

DNA matches are nearly always

Answer 4

living people

Question 5

DNA matches that are nearly always living people so their privacy must be

Answer 5

protected per the Standard 57 from the Board of Certification of Genealogical Standards

Question 6

Ensuring you have identified the true/correct identity of a DNA match can be

Answer 6

challenging, particularly if they have used an ALIAS

Question 7

GEDmatch Matches things to Consider

Answer 7

1. Real Name
2. *Alias
3. Email Address
4. Kit Manager

Question 8

Kit Manager who have a lot of kits listed May be

Answer 8

1. May be professional genealogists
2. May be researchers/academics
3. May not be related at all to any of the kits

Question 9

Don’t just research the Kit Name, also research

Answer 9

the Kit Manager!!

Question 10

KIT# - This is the kit number associated with the match. Kit that begin w/a

Answer 10

single letter are kits that were uploaded to the previous version of GEDmatch and were migrated over to the newer version.

Question 11

The letters at the beginning correlate w/the testing company used by the test taker:

Answer 11

A - Ancestry
F or T - Family Tree
M - 23andME
H - My Heritage

Question 12

Kits that begin with 2 letters were uploaded

Answer 12

to the new version of GEDmatch

Question 13

Letters corresponding with Kit #s w/the Source column can be useful when trying to

Answer 13

determine if the test taker has a public tree available for reference

Question 14

Name (*=>alias) This is typically the test takers name but not always. Sometimes the test taker will use and alias. Sometimes the name is

Answer 14

NOT the actual test taker it could be the kit manger

Question 15

Email - This is typically the email of the KIT MANAGER which may or may NOT be the

Answer 15

test taker.

Question 16

For privacy reasons DO NOT

Answer 16

email matches in FIGG investigations

Question 17

Source - This indicates which

Answer 17

testing company was used by the match

Question 18

Source - You may “Combined” which indicates the user

Answer 18

combined their test results from 2 companies and made one super kit

Question 19

Source - Using the testing company source INFO,

Answer 19

search those sites for the user/email/name

Question 20

Does the SEX correlate with the name?

Answer 20

There are many gender neutral names
Sex is SELF-IDENTIFIED by kit uploader - potential for errors

Question 21

GEDcom or WikiTree is attached to match, this can be

Answer 21

very useful to identify DNA match

Question 22

GEDcom or WikiTree -

If the person’s (match) parents/grandparents are deceased, their parents

Answer 22

names will be visible.

Question 23

DNA Detectives

Answer 23

popular Facebook Group for adoptions

in GEDmatch name may begin with
“DD”

Question 24

When you are unable to identify match through email/name list then try to identify your match by

Answer 24

looking at their matches.

Their top matches may provide information that would lead to the identity of the original match.

Question 25

FamlyTreeDNA does not allow

Answer 25

Aliases

Question 26

Your DNA Kits Advice At GEDmatch

Answer 26

1. Use an unidentifiable email address e.g., your work email address (publicly visible) 2. Add a GEDcom to each kit you manage 3. Don't use aliases - check your accounts

Question 27

Endogamy Definition and Cause

Answer 27

The practice of marrying w/in the same ethnic, cultural, social, religious or tribal group (ISOGG Wiki) Geography Language Religion

Question 28

Endogamy Results

Answer 28

Sharing multiple ancestors Inflated amount of shared DNA (especially beyond 3C) DNA matches may be related BOTH paternally and maternally May have more DNA matches Likely share more and smaller segments

Question 29

Shared cM Project does not account for

Answer 29

double relationships

Question 30

Pedigree Collapse

Answer 30

Happens when people who share a common ancestors

Question 31

Pedigree Collapse causes the family tree of their offspring to be

Answer 31

smaller than it otherwise would be

Question 32

Endogamy vs. Pedigree Collapse It is possible to have endogamy w/out pedigree collapse, BUT sometimes endogamy includes

Answer 32

multiple instances of pedigree collapse

Question 33

Endogamy vs. Pedigree Collapse It is possible to have pedigree collapse w/out endogamy,

Answer 33

especially if it's only one instance

Question 34

Double first cousins

Answer 34

occur when 2 siblings from one family marry 2 siblings from another family

Question 35

3/4 Siblings

Answer 35

When a husband marries the sister of his 1st wife

Question 36

Calculating Average Segment Size

Answer 36

Average = TOTAL DNA + # of SEGMENTs

Question 37

Working with Endogamy DON'Ts!

Answer 37

Don't use regular CLUSTERING TOOLS Don't use WATO Don't rely on SHARED MATCHES Don't rely on RELATIONSHIP CALCULATORS

Question 38

Working with Endogamy DOs

Answer 38

DO use matches w/at least 1 segment that is over 20 cM (for more severe endogamy , 2 segments over 30 cM) DO look for matches that MARRIED OUT DO Build back trees to find common ancestors DO combine other types of DNA evidence (mitochondrial, Y) DO use special tools for endogamy

Question 39

Special tools of Endogamy

Answer 39

Banyan DNA AutoCluster Endogamy dna-sci.com

Question 40

REMEMBER! Any Relationship estimate calculator

Answer 40

gives ESTIMATES

Question 41

REMEMBER! Just because a relationship is more likely, doesn't mean that

Answer 41

it is correct. Any relationship that is possible is a POSSIBILITY!

Question 42

NPE

Answer 42

Non-Paternal Event or Not Parent Expected

Question 43

NPE can occur

Answer 43

* Misattributed paternity occurs when someone who is the documented or known father is not the bio father *Often discovered as a result of DNA testing * Estimated that the prevalence is around 5%

Question 44

NPE Causes

Answer 44

* Adoptions * Affairs * Gamete donation * Illegitimacy

Question 45

How are NPEs Discovered?

Answer 45

* Identifying unknown relatives * Learning siblings are actually half-siblings * Unexpected ethnicity (w/caution)

Question 46

Encountering NPEs in the wild

Answer 46

* May notice that a match stands out among the other matches * Their tree does NOT fit in with the trees of the other matches in the genetic network * They may not be aware that they are an NPE

Question 47

Adoption creates

Answer 47

* NPEs * The SOCIAL TREE of the adoptee DOES NOT match their BIO TREE * The Tree of a DNA match does NOT match the trees of their genetic network

Question 48

Adoption Caution

Answer 48

Sometimes matches are aware they are adopted, sometimes they are NOT Sometimes matches are doing a DNA test because they are interested in finding bio family, sometimes they are NOT

Question 49

How to confirm if a match is adopted?

Answer 49

* Check bio that is connected to their tree * Check their social media * Check to see if they have made posts on social media in groups dedicated to helping adoptees, i.e. DNA Detectives

Question 50

What to do if you find out a match is adopted

Answer 50

* See if they have solved it themselves * Try to solve it * Forget that match

Question 51

What NOT to do if you find out a match is adopted

Answer 51

DO NOT contact the match to offer to solve it for them