M5 - Lesson 5: Uses of Enzymes

Question 1

How are enzymes used in Medicine?

Answer 1

• Most enzymes are confined within the cells of the body.
• However, small amounts of them can also be found in body fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
• The level of ezyme activity in these fluids can easily be monitored.

Question 2

This activity can prove extremely useful in Medicine: of particular enzymes in various body fluids signals the onset of certain diseases or their progression.

Answer 2

Abnormal activity (either high or low)

Question 3

Disease Diagnosed: Hepatitis / Liver & kidney health condition
Normal Acitivity: 3-17 U/L

Answer 3

Enzyme: Alanine aminotransferase (ATP); Old name: Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Question 4

Disease Diagnosed: Prostate Cancer

Normal Acitivity: 2.5-12 U/L

Answer 4

Enzyme: Acid phosphatase

Question 5

Disease Diagnosed: Liver or bone disease

Normal Acitivity: 13-38 U/L

Answer 5

Enzyme: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Question 6

Disease Diagnosed: Pancreatic disease

Normal Acitivity: 19-80 U/L

Answer 6

Enzyme: Amylase

Question 7

Disease Diagnosed: Liver health or Heart attack

Normal Acitivity: 7-19 U/L

Answer 7

Enzyme: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Question 8

Disease Diagnosed: Liver health or Heart attack (Cerebrospinal fluid)
Normal Acitivity: 7-49 U/L

Answer 8

Enzyme: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (SGOT)

Question 9

Disease Diagnosed: Heart Attack

Normal Acitivity: 100-350 WU/mL

Answer 9

Enzyme: Lactate dehydrogenate (LDH)

Question 10

Disease Diagnosed: Heart Attack

Normal Acitivity: 7-60 U/L

Answer 10

Enzyme: Creatinine phosphate (CPK)

Question 11

Disease Diagnosed: Heart Attack

Normal Acitivity: 15-75 U/L

Answer 11

Enzyme: Phosphohexose isomerase

Question 12

When a heart attack occurs, some heart muscles are _______ and their enymes leak into the blood stream.

Answer 12

damaged/destroyed

Question 13

Another name for aminotransferase is

Answer 13

transaminase

Question 14

Two major advantages to manufacturing processes and in commercial products are:

Answer 14

Enzymes:

(1) cause very large increases in reaction rates even at room temperature;
(2) are relatively specific and can be used to target selected reactants.

Question 15

Disadvantages are:

Answer 15

(1) Relative scarcity

2) Higher cost compared with traditional chemical treatments. (Remedied by genetic engineering

Question 16

Digestive (Breakdown) Function

Answer 16

Hydrolases

Question 17

Protease / Proteolytic enzymes

Answer 17

proteins

Question 18

Lipases

Answer 18

Lipids

Question 19

Cellulases

Answer 19

cellulose

Question 20

Amylase

Answer 20

amylose

Question 21

Lactases

Answer 21

lactose

Question 22

Pectinase

Answer 22

pectin

Question 23

What are the 3 Enzymes that used in Food Processing?

Answer 23

Pectinase
Lactase
a-Amylase, Glucosaminase & Gluco Isomerase

Question 24

The enzyme that can effectively peel an orangedissolves the albedo (the white stringy material).

Answer 24

Pectinase

Question 25

The enzyme given to people who are lactose-intolerant.

Answer 25

Lactase

Question 26

The enzymes used to convert cornstarch into high-fructose syrup that is equivalent in sweetness to sucrose.

Answer 26

a-Amylase, Glucosaminase & Gluco Isomerase

Question 27

What are the 2 Enzymes that used in Technology?

Answer 27

Pectinase

Cellulase

Question 28

The enzyme used in “scouring” (to remove pectic substance and cotton wax) cotton, more preferable since it operates under milder condition.

Answer 28

Pectinase

Question 29

used in Denim and Paper

Answer 29

Cellulase

Question 30

soft appearance to this cotton fabric,

Answer 30

Denim

Question 31

pumice stones and harsh chemical agents

Answer 31

stonewashing

Question 32

enzymatic process

Answer 32

biostoning

Question 33

use cellulases to complete the breakdown of wood chips to paper pulp.

Answer 33

Paper

Question 34

What are the 4 Enzymes that used in Consumer Goods?

Answer 34

Protease
Lipases
Amylases
Cellulase

Question 35

Industrial enzymes are used most often as detergent additives.

Answer 35

Consumer Goods

Question 36

added to digest the most difficult clothing stains such as grass, blood, and sweat which contain proteins.

Answer 36

Protease

Question 37

team up with soaps to remove greasy stains.

Answer 37

Lipases

Question 38

often added to digest starchy residues from foods such as rice, oatmeal, chocolate, and mashed potatoes.

Answer 38

Amylases

Question 39

applied to remove these rough protuberances for a smoother, glossier, and brighter-colored fabric.

Answer 39

Cellulase

Question 40

What is the Enzyme that used in Medicine?

Answer 40

Proteases

Question 41

converts plasminogen to plasmin (plasmin is a protease that is capable of breaking apart fibrin molecules, thereby dissolving the clot.)

Answer 41

Proteases