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NCM 112 > MAAM CHA PART 1 HAHAHA > Flashcards

MAAM CHA PART 1 HAHAHA Flashcards

1
Q

A defensive reaction intended to neutralize, control or eliminate offending agent and to prepare the site for repair

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

What releases blood-clotting proteins at wound site?

A

Platelets from blood

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3
Q

What secrete factors that mediate vasodilation and vascular constriction, delivery of blood, plasma and cells to injured area increases

A

Mast cells

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4
Q

What does neutrophils secrete?

A

Neutrophils secrete factors that kill and degrade pathogens

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5
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of function
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6
Q

What do you call the process where neutrophils and macrophages remove pathogens?

A

phagocytosis

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7
Q

What hormone does macrophages secrete?

A

cytokines

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8
Q

What is the function of cytokines?

A

Attract immune system cells to the site and activate cells involved in tissue repair

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9
Q

3 chemical substances

A
  1. Histamine
  2. Kinins
  3. Prostaglandins
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10
Q

What does histamine help with?

A

Vasodilation and increase capillary permeability

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11
Q

What does kinins help with?

A

Attract neutrophils

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12
Q

What does prostaglandin help with?

A

Increase capillary permeability

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13
Q

What are the systemic responses to inflammation?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Pyrogens
  3. Leukocytosis
  4. Malaise, loss of appetite, aching, weakness
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14
Q

Occur to provide the body with greater ability to fight infection

A

Leukocytosis

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15
Q

Types of Inflammation

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Subacute
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16
Q

Describe acute inflammation

A
  • Local vascular and exudative changes
  • Protective
  • 2 weeks healing
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17
Q

Describe chronic inflammation

A
  • Persists, not beneficial, not protective
  • Month, years
  • Debilitating and long lasting effect
  • repair
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18
Q

Describe subacute inflammation

A
  • Between acute and chronic
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19
Q

What proceeds after the inflammatory debris is removed?

A

Cellular healing

20
Q

Proliferation of the same type of cells as destroyed

A

Regeneration

21
Q
  • Cells of another type
  • Fill in the tissue defect
  • Scar formation
A

Replacement

22
Q

3 types of healing by regeneration

A
  1. Labile cells
  2. Permanent cells
  3. Stable
23
Q

2 types of healing by replacement

A
  1. Primary Intention
  2. Secondary Intention
24
Q

It refers to the body’s specific protective response to an invading foreign agent or organism functions as the body’s defense mechanism against invasion

25
Immunity is affected by?
- age - emotional status - CNS fxn - medications - trauma - stress - surgery
26
Level 1: Barriers
Skin and cilia prevent invaders from entering
27
Level 2: Innate
Cells and chemicals stop invaders from spreading
28
Level 3: Adaptive
Blood warriors (with a grudge) attack invaders
29
What are the components of the immune system?
1. Bone Marrow 2. Lymphoid Tissue - thymus gland, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids 3. Tonsils 4. Adenoids 5. Mucoid Lymphatic Tissues
30
2 types of immunity
1. Nature (Innate) 2. Acquired
31
An immunity that is born with. Which is nonspecific, provides a broad spectrum of defense against and resistance to infection.
Nature (Innate) Immunity
32
An immunity that develops after birth
Acquired Immunity
33
A type of acquired immunity that typically lasts many years or even a lifetime.
Active Acquired Immunity
34
A type of acquired immunity that is a temporary immunity transmitted from a source outside the body that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization.
Passive Acquired Immunity
35
Produces the antibody after being sick
Active Natural Immunity
36
Immunization (produce antibodies)
Active Artificial Immunity
37
Antibodies are given to you by the mother or breastfeeding
Passive Natural Immunity
38
Antibodies are given by the vaccine
Passive Artificial Immunity
39
Example of physical barriers
- Skin- first line of defense - Cilia - Mucous membranes - Coughing - Sneezing
40
Example of chemical barriers
- Acidic gastric secretion - Mucus - Enzymes in tears and saliva substances in sebaceous and sweat glands - Interferons
41
Normal values for total WBC
Total WBC: 4,500-10,000
42
It occurs when the WBC falls below 4,000.
Leukopenia
43
What causes leukopenia?
- Viral infections - overwhelming bacterial infections - bone marrow disorders
44
A WBC of less than 500 places the patient at?
risk for a fatal infection
45
A WBC over 30,000 may indicate
Massive infection or a serious disease such as leukemia

NCM 112 (7 decks)

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