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Physics > MAC, Basic Chem and Solubility > Flashcards

MAC, Basic Chem and Solubility Flashcards

1
Q

Alveolar partial pressure governs ___

A

the partial pressure in the body fluids and tissue

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2
Q

What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?

A

Minimum amount of anesthetic (%) at 1 ATM that prevents noxious stimuli in

MAC prevents noxious stimuli in 50% of people

MAC is a concept similar to potency

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3
Q

MAC is lowest in ___

A

newborns

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4
Q

MAC peaks in ___

A

infants

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5
Q

MAC progressively decreases with ___

A

age

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6
Q

The Minimum Alveolar Concentraion increases with which types of patients?

A
  • Hyperthermia
  • Hypernatremia

If you have a hyperthermic patient, it means that the minimum alveolar concentration of the drug in order to achieve effect will need to be higher.

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7
Q

The Minimum Alveolar Concentration decreases with which types of patients?

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hypotension
  • Lithium
  • Lidocaine
  • Opioids

This list to the left shows factors which would mean that the patient would need LESS of the drug to achieve desired effect.

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8
Q

BGP stands for ___

A

Blood/Gas Partition coefficient

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9
Q

Low blood solubility = ____ recovery

A

rapid induction/rapid recovery

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10
Q

High blood solubility = _____ recovery

A

slow induction/recovery

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11
Q

Low lipid solubility in fat versus brain

A

accumulate less readily in the fat

pass less readily into the brain

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12
Q

High lipid solubility in fat versus brain

A

accumulate readily in the fat

pass more easily into the brain

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13
Q

Anesthetic with high alveolar concentration (what’s the effect)

A

Arterial pressure increase faster

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14
Q

What happens when an anesthetic is added to alveoli?

A

Reduces oxygen concentration (during wash out)

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15
Q

Rapidly absorbed anesthetic (N2O) increases the ____

A

absorption rate of a second anesthetic

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16
Q

Anesthetic diffuses in the tissue along a ____

A

concentration gradient

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17
Q

Prior to the induction of anesthesia all body tissues have ___.

A

essentially the same zero partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic.

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18
Q

During recovery partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic will be ___.

A

different in different tissues.

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19
Q

Elimination of inhalation anesthetic depends upon ____

A
  1. Pulmonary Ventilation
  2. Cardiac output
  3. Gas solubility in tissue
  4. Gas solubility in blood
  5. Partial pressure of anesthetic in alveolar air and venous blood
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20
Q

Removal of anesthetic gases by metabolism is _____

A

relatively small in comparison with the removal by exhalation.

Also occurs in microsomal enzymes mostly in liver and kidneys

21
Q

Metabolism of Halothane %

A

10-20%

22
Q

Metabolism of Enflurane %

A

2.5%

23
Q

Metabolism of Isoflurane %

A

0.2%

24
Q

Metabolism of Nitrous Oxide and Xenon

A

0%

25
Q

Overton-Meyer correlation

A

was considered to be at the foundation of anesthesia

26
Q

CH4

A

Methane

27
Q

C2H6

A

Ethane

28
Q

C3H8

A

Propane

29
Q

C1-C4

A

gases

30
Q

>C4

A

liquids

31
Q

C2H4

A

Ethene (Ethylene)

32
Q

C3H6

A

Propene

33
Q

Alcohols

A

CH3OH - Methanol

C2H5OH - Ethanol

C3H7OH - Propanol

34
Q

CH3-O- CH3

A

Chemical name for Ether

35
Q

Halogens

A

Group VIIA – a particular class of highly reactive non-metals

Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl); Bromine (Br); Iodine (I)

The only periodic table group containing elements in three states of matter

36
Q

Fluorine

A

gas

37
Q

Chlorine

A

gas

38
Q

Bromine

A

liquid

39
Q

Iodine

A

solid

40
Q

Liquid in a closed container may establish an equilibrium with ___

A

saturated water vapors

41
Q

During equilibrium dissolved gas molecules ____

A

leave liquid

At the same rate other molecules dissolve in the liquid.

42
Q

In equilibrium state the liquid and the dissolved gas form a ___

A

saturated solution.

43
Q

Solubility of a gas depends upon:

A

1) Partial Pressure
2) Temperature
3) Gas
4) Liquid

44
Q

At a given temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a liquid is ___.

A

directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

45
Q

Solubility of oxygen

A

0.003 mlO2 /100ml plasma /mmHg

46
Q

Solubility of carbon dioxide

A

0.06 mlCO2 / 100ml plasma / mmHg

47
Q

At a temperature 20oC nitrogen and partial pressure 100 kPa solubility is ____.

A

0.016 liter/L

48
Q

At a temperature 37oC nitrogen and partial pressure 100 kPa solubility is ___.

A

0.014 liter/L

Physics (4 decks)

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