Machines in Society Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is a machine?
A machine uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an intended action, often beyond the capability limit of a human being.
Evolution in Machines
They have evolved from force and motion control to processing the information flow and producing an output
Mechatronic Engineering
Mechatronic engineering combines the fundamentals of mechanical, electrical and computer science to develop autonomous systems.
Smart machines and systems that are aware of their environment, and can processing information to make decisions
Mechanical Engineering
A mechanical engineer might work in the automotive industry, aerospace, and transport industries, power generation, refineries, insurance industries, building services, railway systems design, consumer goods design and production and management consultancies.
Biomechanical Engineering
Biomechanical engineering is the combined use of mechanical engineering principles and biological knowledge to better undertand how these areas intersect and how they can be used together to potentially improve people’s quality of life.
Community Problems
Research engineers involvement in solving community problems using machines as a solution. Such as humanitarian organisations such as Registered Engineers for Disaster Relief (RedR)
QCAA Definition of a Machine
A machine is a device designed to transmit or multiply force or motion, doing work in the process. A machine may reduce or completely replace a human (or animals) effort to accomplish a physical task. Simple machines often function by allowing a heavy task to be achieved using a lighter effort force. More complex machines may do work faster or for extended durations.
Quicker Definition of a Machine
A machine reduces user effort (makes work easier) and/or performs a task in less time (works faster) and/or continues tasks for an extended duration (works longer)
Principle of Velocity Ratio
All simple machines rely on a common principle to achieve the ‘easier’ objective, a principle known as Velocity Ratio.
Simple Machine Example: Bicycle
Simple Machine Example: Lever
Lever Classification
Levers are classified by the relative position of the Fulcrum, Effort and Load (or resistance).
Theres 1st Class or Order, 2nd Class or Order and 3rd Class or Order
Lever - 1st Class or Order
(Fulcrum in the middle): The effort is applied on one side of the fulcrum and the resistance on the other side. Mechanical advantage may be greater than, less than, or equal to 1.
Example: See-Saw, Crowbar, Scissors, Claw-Hammer, Bike Brake Lever, Pliers.
Lever - 2nd Class or Order
(Load in the middle): the effort is applied on one side of the load and the fulcrum is located on the other side. The load arm is smaller than the effort arm, and the mechanical advantage is always greater than one. It is called a force multiplier lever.
Lever - 3rd Class or Order
(Effort in the middle): The load is on one side of the effort and the fulcrum is located on the other side. The effort arm is smaller than the load arm. Mechanical advantage is always less than 1. It is called a speed mutiplier lever.
Mnemonic FLE123
F fuclrum is in the middle for the 1st class lever, the L load is in the middle for the 2nd class lever, and E effort is in the middle for the 3rd class lever
Simple Machine Example: Inclined Planes
Simple Machine Example: Screwdriver
Simple Machine Example: Gears (or Sprockets)
Four types of motion
Rotary Motion, oscillating motion, linear motion, reciprocating motion, random motion
Rotary Motion
Motion that movies in a circle revolves around an axis
Oscillating Motion
Similar to rotary motion, but constantly changing direction by swinging back and forth about a point. Example: pendulum of a clock
Linear Motion
Linear motion simply moves in a straight line. Example: a train moving along a straight track
