macro molecules

Question 1

What is the essential question regarding the consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

Answer 1

How can long term under- or overconsumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids affect your health

Question 2

What are the main functions of carbohydrates in the body?

Answer 2

• Quick energy source
• Supply long-term energy storage
• Structural component in plants
• Transport materials
• Insulation
• Control chemical reactions via enzymes

Question 3

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharide

Question 4

What is glucose used for in the body?

Answer 4

Cellular respiration

Question 5

What happens to excess sugar in the body?

Answer 5

Stored as glycogen in the liver

Question 6

What is the basic element composition of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) in a 2:1 ratio

Question 7

Provide examples of carbohydrate sources.

Answer 7

• Rice
• Bread

Question 8

What are the main functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 8

• Determine structure
• Regulate functions
• Responsible for nucleotides

Question 9

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 9

Amino acids

Question 10

What elements make up proteins?

Answer 10

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 11

What are the main functions of lipids in the body?

Answer 11

• Energy storage
• Structural component of membranes
• Insulation

Question 12

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 12

Fatty acids

Question 13

What elements make up lipids?

Answer 13

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

Question 14

What is a key function of nucleic acids?

Answer 14

Transmit genetic information

Question 15

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 15

Nucleotides

Question 16

What are the main elements in nucleic acids?

Answer 16

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP)

Question 17

What are two examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 17

• DNA
• RNA

Question 18

What is ATP and its significance?

Answer 18

ATP is a nucleotide that provides energy for cellular processes

Question 19

What is the essential question regarding the plasma membrane?

Answer 19

How does the structure of the plasma membrane create a selectively permeable barrier between the cell’s interior and exterior?

Question 20

What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

Answer 20

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 21

What are the two main components of phospholipids?

Answer 21

• Hydrophilic polar head
• Hydrophobic nonpolar fatty acid tails

Question 22

How are phospholipids arranged in the plasma membrane?

Answer 22

Polar heads face outward and nonpolar fatty acid tails face inward

Question 23

What role do membrane proteins play?

Answer 23

Act as receptors that send signals inside the cell

Question 24

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Answer 24

Helps nonpolar fatty acid tails from sticking together

Question 25

What do membrane proteins provide in addition to their signaling function?

Answer 25

Structure and transport tunnels to move substances

Question 26

What do carbohydrates attach to in the plasma membrane?

Answer 26

Proteins (glycoproteins)

Question 27

What is the function of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

Answer 27

Identity chemical signals and keep cells from attacking their own cells

Question 28

True or False: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The plasma membrane is composed of a _______.

Answer 29

[phospholipid bilayer]