Macromineral Imbalance Flashcards
Name an effective method of preventing SUBCLINICAL hypocalcemia in high producing diary cattle (assuming it is logistically feasible).
PRE partum ration with a LOW DCAD
What is the primary site of Mg absorption in the adult ruminant?
Ruminoreticulum
When ration Mg concentration is low, active transport of Mg across the ruminoreticulum wall is critical to preventing clinical hypomagnesemic tetany.
What “poisons the pump” making the animals more prone to tetany?
Potassium
Describe the pathophysiologic insult resulting in the clinical signs of acute hypophosphatemia.
Profound hypocalcemia
Which macromineral imbalance problem is uncommon but associated with prolonged anorexia of late pregnant dairy cows or dairy cows given multiple doses of PRE-Def 2X (a mineralocorticoid) for treatment of “ketosis”.
Hypokalemia
Clinical hypocalcemia manifests as impaired skeletal muscle function and is categorized as Stage I, II, or III based on recumbency observed.
Treatment with IV calcium is appropriate for which of these stages?
Stage II
Stage III
All dairy animals are in negative calcium balance postpartum due to the calcium demands of colostrum and milk production.
True/False
True
An S-curved neck is associated with _________________.
This is a sign that if present is a positive, but its absence is not a negative for this differential diagnosis of a recumbent animal.
Hypocalcemia
Which of the following are signs of subclinical hypocalcemia at the herd level associated with impaired smooth muscle function?
Excessive clinical mastitis during the first 30 days of lactation in multiparous cows
Excessive retained placenta
Excessive metritis
Excessive non-infectious lameness
Excessive infectious lameness
Excessive clinical mastitis during the first 30 days of lactation in a multiparous cows
Excessive retained placenta
Excessive metritis
In cows, what is the predominant pathophysiologic insult of hypocalcemia and the clinical sign typically observed as a result?
Neuromuscular junction - decreased acetylcholine release - muscle weakness
In sheep, what is the predominant pathophysiologic insult of hypocalcemia and the clinical sign typically observed as a result?
Neuromuscular junction - decreased acetylcholine release - muscle weakness
In dogs, what is the predominant pathophysiologic insult of hypocalcemia and the clinical sign typically observed as a result?
Nerve and muscle cells - decreased cell membrane potential difference - muscle tetany
In horses, what is the predominant pathophysiologic insult of hypocalcemia and the clinical sign typically observed as a result?
Nerve and muscle cells - decreased cell membrane potential difference - muscle tetany
When treating a cow with Stage III clinical hypocalcemia with the IV calcium product shown below, which of the following statements are WRONG?
For each wrong statement, change it to make it correct.
If the cow isn’t able to get up after one bottle, a second bottle should be given.
If the cow has concurrent severe E. Coli mastitis, giving it subcutaneously is advised.
If the cow has concurrent acute hypophosphatemia, this product will not address that condition.
The dextrose contained in the product can’t hurt but likely isn’t needed by this cow.
If the cow isn’t able to get up after 1 bottle a second bottle should be given.
If the cow has concurrent severe E. Coli mastitis, giving it SQ is advised.
True or False:
Providing oral calcium after IV will help reduce the risk of relapse of recumbency in a cow with clinical hypocalcemia. Subcutaneous administration of an IV calcium product will help too but won’t raise blood calcium as long as oral.
True
