Macromolecules

Question 1

Organic molecules consist______,______,and______

Answer 1

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 2

Carbon can form up 4 ________ bonds

Answer 2

Covalent

Question 3

____ groups/____groups affect our phosphate

Answer 3

R and Functional

Question 4

_______: One subunit( single building block

Answer 4

Monomer

Question 5

_______: Multiple subunit(multiple building blocks)

Answer 5

Polymer

Question 6

__________________: Two monomers create larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released.

Answer 6

dehydration synthesis

Question 7

_______ Breakwater apart(breaking polymer into two monomers

Answer 7

hydrolysis

Question 8

1:2:1 ration ______,_______,____

Answer 8

Carbons, Hydrogens, Oxygens

Question 9

Empirical formula:________(C6 H12 O6)

Answer 9

1:2:1

Question 10

Good energy storage molecules

Answer 10

glucose

atp

Question 11

One sugar

Answer 11

monosaccharides

Question 12

Two Sugars(sugar transports or energy storage )

Answer 12

Disaccharides

Question 13

dehydration synthesis is made up of _______

Answer 13

two monosaccharides

Question 14

_________bonds form a specific bond between polysaccharides (carbohydrates)

Answer 14

Glycosidic

Question 15

_______=many sugars

Answer 15

Polysaccharides

Question 16

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides energy storage
plant: store energy in form of starch 
animals:Glycogen 
structural support:
Plants: cellulose 
animals: Chitin(not all animals)

Answer 16

polysaccharides

Question 17

Protein functions include:organic marcromolecule

Answer 17

1. Enzyme catalysts
2. defense
3. Transport
4. support
5. motion
6. regulation
7. storage

Question 18

Proteins are built from__________

Answer 18

amino acid

Question 19

Amino Acids:___________

Answer 19

Monosaccharides

Question 20

________structure dictates the chemical properties of amino acids

Answer 20

r group

Question 21

Amino acids can be classified as:

Answer 21

1. non-polar(can’t dissolve in water)hydrophobic
2. Polar (can be dissolved in water)hydrophilic
3. charged(+/- )
4. aromatic(smell/frag)
5. specific function

Question 22

Shape determines function

Answer 22

Proteins are in charge of certain areas. An example is folding.

Question 23

________most basic, polypeptide a little chain of amino acids

Answer 23

Primary structure

Question 24

______interactions of groups in the peptide backbone

Answer 24

Secondary structure

Question 25

_______increase size of polypeptide, start of helix or pleats

Answer 25

Tertiary structure

Question 26

______huge polypeptide different groups to make a manageable area

Answer 26

Quaternary structure

Question 27

Protein folding is aided by _______(help guide all the stuff into the right position

Answer 27

Chaperone proteins

Question 28

___________bond that holds the shape of the proteins together

Answer 28

Chemical

Question 29

__________ when a Protein has lost its shape(no longer functional) and can never be re-constructed

Answer 29

Denaturation

Question 30

Denaturation causes are ________,________,___________

Answer 30

1. temperature outside its normal range 2. a change in PH outside of its normal range 3. a change in salinity(salt concentration) outside of the normal range.

Question 31

____is insoluble in water

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

Four major types of lipids:____________,________________,____________,and _______________

Answer 32

Fats/oils waxes phospholipids steroids

Question 33

______composed of 1 glycerol +3 fatty acids

Answer 33

triglycerides(fats)

Question 34

________=long hydrocarbon chains

Answer 34

Fatty acids

Question 35

____(full)of hydrogens-Solid at room temperature(coconut oil, lard, animal fat

Answer 35

Saturated

Question 36

______(lacking) oxygen-Liquid at room temperature(oils)

Answer 36

Unsaturated

Question 37

________twice as much energy as carbohydrates

Answer 37

Lipids/triglycerides

Question 38

______is found mostly in nuts, seeds, fish, algae, leafy greens, and krill

Answer 38

Polyunsaturated fats(omega)

Question 39

__________ converts a part of a cis-isomer into a trans-unsaturated fat instead of hydrogenating them completely example: Crisco(older formula) Margarine

Answer 39

Chemical hydrogenation

Question 40

``` __________Compsed of triglyceride fatty acid O | O= P--O | O ```

Answer 40

Phospholipids

Question 41

_________bilayers are the basis of biological membranes

Answer 41

Lipid

Question 42

Two types of nucleic acid are _____ and _____

Answer 42

DNA and RNA

Question 43

__________ is deoxyribose (has H)also known as deoxyribose

Answer 43

DNA

Question 44

_______is ribose (OH) also known as ribose nucleic

Answer 44

RNA

Question 45

The two purines:____________and______________(double ring)

Answer 45

Adenine and Guanine

Question 46

3 pyrimidines:____________,_____________and_______

Answer 46

Cytosine, thymine, uracil