The Chemical Foundation

Question 1

All matter is composed of______

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

Why are the chemical foundations important for biology?

Answer 2

Because chemistry provides is with molecules and bonding

Question 3

Atoms are composed of_____,______,and _________.

Answer 3

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 4

Positively charged particles are _________

Answer 4

protons

Question 5

Neutrally charged particles are _________

Answer 5

Neutrons

Question 6

Negatively charged particles________

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

Atoms of the same element that have different atomic mass numbers due to different numbers of Neutrons are called_________

Answer 7

Isotopes

Question 8

Atoms that are either negatively or positively charged are called ______

Answer 8

Neutral atoms

Question 9

_______Gain or loss of an electron

Answer 9

Ions

Question 10

Positively charged ions

Answer 10

Cations

Question 11

Negatively charged ions

Answer 11

Anions

Question 12

_______processes potential energy

Answer 12

electrons

Question 13

Electrons far from the nucleus have _____or____ energy

Answer 13

More,Less

Question 14

______=the loss of an electron; therefore, becomes ionized and less negative

Answer 14

Oxidation

Question 15

________= the gaining of an electron; therefore becomes more negative

Answer 15

Reduction

Question 16

____ electrons=electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Answer 16

Valence

Question 17

___,____, and ___ all are pared; therefore, balanced

Answer 17

He, Ne,Ar

Question 18

the paring of the unpared electron creates______

Answer 18

bonds

Question 19

_____ tend to establish completely full outer energy levels

Answer 19

Atoms

Question 20

There are____naturally occurring elements. Only____ elements are found in living organisms.

Answer 20

90,12

Question 21

(Organic coumpounds) 4 elements make up 96.3% of living organisms. Their names are _____,__________,___________,and__________

Answer 21

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen

Question 22

Cells contain mostly______

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

why isn’t H20 considered an organic molecule?

Answer 23

It doesn’t contain carbon

Question 24

________ groups of atoms held together in stable associations

Answer 24

Molecules

Question 25

________ molecules containing more then one type of elements

Answer 25

Compound

Question 26

Atoms are held together by________

Answer 26

Chemical bonds

Question 27

________ are formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions(kind of weak)greedy

Answer 27

Ionic Bonds

Question 28

_____=shared electrons

Answer 28

Covalent

Question 29

covalent bond strength=________ | single bond

Answer 29

strongest bonds

Question 30

_____________ determines how bonding occurs

Answer 30

Electronegativity

Question 31

______ covalent bonds are equal distributions or equally shared

Answer 31

non-polar

Question 32

_____covalent bonds=uneven sharing

Answer 32

polar

Question 33

Chemical reaction involves_____

Answer 33

Interactions betweenn atoms

Question 34

Whether a chemical reaction occurs is influenced by______

Answer 34

Reactants

Question 35

all living organisms are dependent on_____

Answer 35

Water

Question 36

the structure of water

Answer 36

H2O

Question 37

The most important property of water is the ability to form__________

Answer 37

Hydrogen Bonds(the weakest of bonds)

Question 38

Partial electrical charges develop: ________ is partially negative ________is partially positive

Answer 38

Oxygen, Hydrogen

Question 39

Hydrogen bonds can form between_____________

Answer 39

adjacent molecules

Question 40

Organic molecules:

Answer 40

Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen

Question 41

water can be _____ and ______

Answer 41

Cohesive and adhesive

Question 42

______Sticking together of water molecules

Answer 42

cohesion

Question 43

_____ It sticks one substance to another

Answer 43

adhesion

Question 44

water going up a tree to distribute the water is called________

Answer 44

Capillary attraction

Question 45

Water is a ______molecule

Answer 45

Polar

Question 46

Hydrophilic =

Answer 46

water-loving(polar)

Question 47

hydrophobic=

Answer 47

waterhating (non-polar)

Question 48

Ph refers to the concentration of ______ in a solution

Answer 48

H+ ion

Question 49

Greater H+ concentration _______(acidic)

Answer 49

Lower PH

Question 50

Lower H+ concentration_______(more basic or alkaline production)

Answer 50

Higher PH

Question 51

Proton doner->________: are substances with lots of hydrogen ions donates hydrogen ions to the solution

Answer 51

Acid

Question 52

Proton accepters->________: are substances or liquids with few hydrogen ions accept hydrogen ions.

Answer 52

Base

Question 53

Most biological buffers consist of a pair of molecules, one an_____ and one an_____.

Answer 53

Acid and base

Question 54

EG. ________-Bicarbonate buffer

Answer 54

carbon dioxide

Question 55

________ regulates PH

Answer 55

buffers