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Intro to Biology 110 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic types of macromolecules?

A

Proteins, Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids

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2
Q

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides

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3
Q

What is the monomer of a protein?

A

Amino Acids

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4
Q

What are two examples of nucleic acids?

A

DNA & RNA

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5
Q

Can you sketch a simple diagram of a nucleotide, and label its parts?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What are the two types of pentose sugar in nucleotides, and how are they different?

A

Ribose, found in RNA. 2 hydroxyl groups attached to pentose sugar. Deoxyribose, found in DNA. 1 hydroxyl group on pentose sugar.

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7
Q

What are the five general types of nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides?

A

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, Uracil

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8
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are in RNA and which bases pair together?

A

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Uracil.
Adenine - Uracil

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9
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are in DNA and which bases pair together?

A

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine.
Cytosine - Guanine
Adenine - Thymine

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10
Q

What three atoms are in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms

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11
Q

What is the monomer of a polysaccharide?

A

monosaccaride

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12
Q

What is the subunit for a lipid?

A

Glycerol (fatty acid)

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13
Q

What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide? Are these macromolecules?

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are “simple sugars”. The difference between them is that disaccharides are 2 carbohydrate molecules. 3 more more are considered macromolecules (polysaccharides).

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14
Q

What are the four types of polysaccharide macromolecules?

A

cellulose, starch, glycogen, and chitin.

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15
Q

What is the function of starch and glycogen?
What is the function of chitin and cellulose?

A

Energy Storage & Structural Support

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16
Q

Can you sketch a simple diagram of a triglyceride, and label its parts?

A

Yes

17
Q

What are the types of lipids?

A

Triglycerides (fats & oils) and Phospholipids

18
Q

What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats: More C-H bonds in fatty acid chain and more solid at room temp.

Unsaturated fats: Fewer C-H bonds in fatty acid chain and less solid at room temp.

19
Q

Can you sketch a diagram of the plasma membrane of a cell and label its parts?

A

Yes

20
Q

What does it mean to say that a molecule is “amphipathic”?

A

The phosphate has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region.

Intro to Biology 110 (11 decks)

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