Macromolecules

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

Large molecules with complex structures

Question 2

What are the 4 biological macromolecules in living organisms?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 3

What is the corresponding macromolecule to monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

What is the corresponding macromolecule to fatty acids?

Answer 4

Lipids

Question 5

What is the corresponding macromolecule to amino acids?

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

What is the corresponding macromolecule to nucleotides?

Answer 6

Nucleic acids

Question 7

What is a dehydration reaction?

Answer 7

2 monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Question 8

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 8

A polymer is broken down to monomers through the gain of a water molecule.

Question 9

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

Answer 9

Glucose/ Fructose

Question 10

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 10

Made of 2 monosaccharides

Question 11

Given an example of a disaccharide

Answer 11

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

Question 12

What are oligosaccharides?

Answer 12

Composed of 20-30 monosaccharides

Question 13

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 13

Composed by many glucose subunits

Question 14

Give an example of polysaccharides.

Answer 14

Starch/Glycogen/Cellulose

Question 15

What is the name given to the monosaccharide when the carbonyl is at the end?

Answer 15

Aldose

Question 16

What is the name given to the monosaccharide when the carbonyl is at the beginning?

Answer 16

Ketose

Question 17

What is the name of the covalent bond formed when a disaccharide is formed?

Answer 17

Glycosidic bond

Question 18

What are the 2 monosaccharides which form maltose?

Answer 18

Glucose + glucose

Question 19

What are the names of the 2 monosaccharides which form lactose?

Answer 19

Glucose + Galactose

Question 20

What are the names of the 2 monosaccharides that form sucrose?

Answer 20

Glucose + Fructose

Question 21

What are the 2 functions of polysaccharides?

Answer 21

Have storage and structural roles

Question 22

What is the major storage polysaccharide in plants?

Answer 22

Starch

Question 23

Where do plants store excess starch?

Answer 23

Amyloplasts

Question 24

What are the 2 polysaccharides amyloplasts contain?

Answer 24

Amylose and Amylopectin

Question 25

What is the storage polysaccharide in animals?

Answer 25

Glycogen

Question 26

Where do humans and other vertebrates store glycogen?

Answer 26

Liver and Muscle cells

Question 27

How is glycogen stored in humans?

Answer 27

Cytosolic granules

Question 28

What are the 2 structural polysaccharides?

Answer 28

Cellulose and Chitin

Question 29

What is the structure of a cellulose molecule?

Answer 29

Unbranched beta- glucose polymer

Question 30

What is the structural difference between starch and cellulose?

Answer 30

Starch is helical and cellulose is straight