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Biology 1 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

C6H12O6

A

Glucose

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2
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

ratio of 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrates Elements

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3
Q

Functions: provides short term energy

A

Carbohydrate Functions

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4
Q

Examples:
Starch: plants store sugar
Cellulose: makes plants sturdy in cell wall(snap of celery)
Glycogen: animals store sugar(made from glucose by the liver)

A

Carbohydrate Examples

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5
Q

Structure=

  • Simple Sugars(monosaccharide): glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
  • Single Hexagon
A

Carbohydrate Structure

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6
Q

Structure =

  • Complex Carbohydrates(polysaccharide): glycogen, starch, cellusose
  • Multiple hexagons connected
A

Carbohydrate Structure

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7
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, low amounts of Oxygen

A

Lipid Elements

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8
Q

Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steroids

A

Lipid Examples

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9
Q

Functions:

  • make up your cell membrane
  • long term energy storage
  • insulator(nerves have a covering like a charger)
  • hormones/steroids(testosterone, estrogen)
A

Lipid Functions

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10
Q

Structure: 1 glycerol head, 3 fatty acid tails

A

Lipid Structure

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11
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

A

Protein Elements

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12
Q

Examples: Meats, Eggs, Nuts, Beans

A

Protein Examples

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13
Q

Functions:

  • part of the cell membrane
  • enzymes(speed up reactions)
  • regulate our genes
  • make antibodies
  • transport things in the body(blood)
  • movement and muscles
  • hormones(insulin)
A

Protein Functions

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14
Q

Structure:

  • Amino Acid(monomer
  • Polypeptide(polymer
A

Protein Structure

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15
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

A

Nucleic Acids Structure

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16
Q

Examples: DNA and RNA

A

Nucleic Acids Examples

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17
Q

Functions: stores genetic information

A

Nucleic Acid Functions

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18
Q

Structure:

  • Nucleotide(monomer
  • Nucleic Acid(Polymer
A

Nucleic Acid Structure

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19
Q

4 types of carbon bonds

A

covalent bonds(single, double, triple, quadruple)

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20
Q

3 elements your body needs trace elements of for proper functioning

A

calcium, potassium, sulfur

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21
Q

subunits of carbohydrates

A

amino acids, carboxyl group

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22
Q

double sugars(sucrose)

A

disaccharides

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23
Q

What forms when water is removed to hold amino acids together?

A

Peptide Bonds

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24
Q

True/False? Lipids are nonpolar.

Study These Flashcards
A

True. They don’t dissolve in water.

25
What will lipids dissolve in?
Other nonpolar molecules.
26
What makes up cell membranes?
Phospholipids
27
Single bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain
saturated
28
Double bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain
unsaturated
29
True/False? The head of a phospholipid hates water and is hydrophobic.
False. They love water and are hydrophilic.
30
True/False? The 2 heads of a phospholipid love water and are hydrophilic.
False. They hate water and are hydrophobic.
31
1 Phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base
Nucleotide Structure
32
3 Phosphate groups, a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base
ATP Structure
33
High energy nucleotide
ATP
34
No other kind of atom can form the number and variety of molecules that ............. can because it can bond to 4 other atoms at the same time to make carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
Carbon
35
................ is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
Nucleotide
36
Nitrogen Base found in DNA but not in RNA
Thymine
37
What 2 kinds of molecules combine to form cell membranes
phospholipids and proteins
38
What are thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
Nitrogen bases used to make nucleotides
39
Which part of the phospholipid is non-polar and hydrophobic?
the lipid tails
40
True/False? | The 20 different POLYSACCHARIDES used to make proteins differ in what is attached in their R group position.
False; AMINO ACIDS
41
True/False? | Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide that makes plants sturdy
True
42
True/False? | One function of PROTEINS is to provide insulation.
False; LIPIDS
43
True/False? | People with diabetes can't make HEMOGLOBIN to control their blood sugar.
False; INSULIN
44
Double Stranded
DNA
45
Single Stranded
RNA
46
Contains Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and deoxiribose
DNA
47
Contains Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, and ribose
RNA
48
Protein hormone that tells animal cells to store blood glucose as glycogen
Insulin
49
Double stranded, nucleic acid made from nucleotide subunits containing A, T, G, and C that stores genetic info in cells
DNA
50
Protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body
Hemoglobin
51
Membrane protein with carbohydrates attached that helps cells identify "self" and plays a role in blood types, organ transplants, and germ recognition
glycoproteins
52
Macromolecule wit a polar glycerol head and 2 non-polar hydrophobic tails used to make cell membranes
Lipid
53
Single stranded nucleic acid made from nucleotide subunits containing A, U, C, and G which carries information from the DNA to the cell for protein synthesis
RNA
54
Storage form of glucose used by plant cells
Starch
55
Storage form of glucose used by animal cells
Glycogen
56
Structural polysaccharide made from glucose subunits that makes plants sturdy
Cellulose
57
Nucleotide subunit make from ribose sugar, adenine, and 3 phosphates which stores and transports energy in cells
ATP
58
Polar molecule made from 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms that is required by all living things.
H2O(water)

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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