Macromolecules

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Large, complex molecules composed of smaller molecules

Sugars

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Long molecule made up of many monomers

Can disassemble by hydrolysis (broken apart by water)

Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

Question 3

Monosaccharide

Answer 3

Simplest form

Can be used for fuel

Can convert into other organic molecules

Monomer in polysaccarides

Linear or Ring

Question 4

Disaccharide

Answer 4

Maltose, Sucrose

Question 5

Polysaccharide Storage

Answer 5

Starch- made of glucose monomers, in plants

Glycogen- made of glucose monomers, in animals

Question 6

Structural Polysaccharides

Answer 6

Cellulose- polymer of glucose, in plants, difficult to digest

Chitin- in exoskeleton of anthropods, surgical thread

Question 7

Lipids

Answer 7

Do not consist of polymers

Hydrophobic

Question 8

Fats

Answer 8

One glycerol(sugar) and usu. three fatty acids

Question 9

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 9

No double bonds, maximum amount of hydrogen atoms

Question 10

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 10

One or more double bonds

Question 11

Phospholipid

Answer 11

Two fatty acids and a phosphate

Results in bilayer found in cell membranes

Question 12

Cholesterol

Answer 12

Steroid

Found in cell membrane

Question 13

Proteins

Answer 13

Consist of one or more polypeptides

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

Protein, catalyst, help to control reactions because we control enzymes

Question 15

Polypeptide

Answer 15

Polymers of amino acids

Linked by peptide bonds

Question 16

Amino Acids

Answer 16

20 different kinds

Differ in residual groups

Question 17

Primary Structure (of protein)

Answer 17

Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 18

Secondary Structure (of protein)

Answer 18

Folding/pleating/coiling within the polypeptide

Helix, Pleated Sheet

Question 19

Tertiary Structure (of protein)

Answer 19

Overall 3D shape of polypeptide

Result of interactions between amino acids and residual groups

Question 20

Quaternary Structure (of protein)

Answer 20

Overall protein structure

Combination of two or more polypeptides

Question 21

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 21

Single improper amino acid substitution in hemoglobin

Changes structure

Question 22

Denaturation

Answer 22

When a protein unravels and loses its natural formation

Difficult to get back to original

Temperature and pH denature

Question 23

Combinations of Macromolecules

Answer 23

Glycoproteins(glucose + proteins), Lipoproteins(lipid + proteins, move fats around), Glycolipids (glucose + lipids)

Question 24

Nucleic Acids

Answer 24

Two types- DNA and RNA

Consists of polynucleotides

Question 25

Nucleotides

Answer 25

Phospate + sugar + nitrogenous base Linked by OH- on 3' side Linked by the phosphate on 5' side

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

Double Helix-two polynucleotides that spiral around an imaginary axis Antiparallel- 3'-5' 5'-3' Nitrogenous bases use hydrogen bonds (A with T, C with G)