Macromolecules

Question 1

Name the 4 main elements that make up 95% of an organism

Answer 1

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 2

Compounds are classified into two broad categories

Answer 2

Organic and Inorganic

Question 3

Name the 4 types of bonds carbon can form

Answer 3

Single, double,triple and quadruple

Question 4

What are macromolecules?

Answer 4

Large organic molecules

Question 5

Name the four classes of macromolecules

Answer 5

Carbohydrates( polysaccharides)
Lipids ( triglycerides)
Proteins (polypeptides)
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 6

Give 2 examples of nucleic acids

Answer 6

DNA and RNA

Question 7

What elements make up carbohydrates and lipids (symbols)

Answer 7

carbon(C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O)

 CHO

Question 8

What elements make up proteins (symbols)?

Answer 8

carbon (C). Hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N)

   CHON

Question 9

What elements make up nucleic acids (symbols)?

Answer 9

carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)

   CHON P

Question 10

Macromolecules are also known as..

Answer 10

Polymers

Question 11

If all the macromolecules are made mainly of the elements CHO, how are they different?

Answer 11

They are made of the same elements but are in different ratios,

Question 12

Name 2 ways your body uses carbohydrates.

Answer 12

energy and structural support

Question 13

What are the subunits called that make up carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Monosaccharides

Question 14

What is the ratio of C, H, and O in monosaccharides?

Answer 14

1:2:1

Question 15

Name 3 monosaccharides

Answer 15

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 16

Monosaccharides are ___________sugars.

Answer 16

Simple

Question 17

What are disaccharides and give an example?

Answer 17

Monosaccharides combined to make double sugars like sucrose

Question 18

Long chains of sugars are ______________. Name 3

Answer 18

Polysaccharides. glycogen, chitin, cellulose

Question 19

What subunit make up proteins?

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

Proteins also act as _________in cells to control reactions

Answer 20

enzymes

Question 21

Name 2 functional groups in amino acids

Answer 21

carboxyl group (-COOH) and amino group -NH2)

Question 22

Cells have ______of enzymes to act as biological ___________.

Answer 22

thousands, catalysts

Question 23

Enzymes have an attachment site called the _______site for the _____________to join

Answer 23

active, substrate

Question 24

What is the effect of excess heat or temperature on an enzyme?

Answer 24

changes the shape

Question 25

Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of _________in a process called ____________.

Answer 25

water, condensation

Question 26

Chains of amino acids make ________ which can join together to make a _______________.

Answer 26

polypeptides, protein

Question 27

___________bands form when water is removed to hold ___________acids together.

Answer 27

polypeptide, amino

Question 28

Lipids ate nonpolar. What does this mean?

Answer 28

doesn’t desolve in water

Question 29

_______________make up cell membranes.

Answer 29

Phospholipids

Question 30

Name a waxy lipid covering plants

Answer 30

cuticle

Question 31

Plant pigments like ________are also ___________.

Answer 31

chlorophyll, steroids

Question 32

Lipids have more _________and ___________than they do oxygen atoms

Answer 32

carbon, hydrogen

Question 33

Fats are made of an alcohol called _________and three __________ _____________chains. This is known as a _______________.

Answer 33

glycerol, fatty acid, triglyceride

Question 34

If there are all SINGLE bonds between ________in the fatty acids chain, then it is said to be ___________.

Answer 34

carbons, saturated

Question 35

If there is a DOUBLE bond between___________in the fatty acid chain, then it is said to be ____________.

Answer 35

carbons, unsaturated

Question 36

The end of the fatty acid that does NOT attach to glycerol has what functional group? Write the formula for this group.

Answer 36

carboxyl functional group (-COOH)

Question 37

_________layers of _____________make up the cell membrane.

Answer 37

two, phospholipids

Question 38

The head of a phospholipid __________water and is said to be __________________.

Answer 38

love, hydrophilic

Question 39

The 2 tails of a phospholipid _________water and is said to be______________.

Answer 39

fear, hydrophobic

Question 40

Nucleic acids carry __________information in a molecule called _________ or __________________acid.

Answer 40

genetic, DNA, deoxyribose nucleic

Question 41

DNA has instructions for making a cell’s _____________.

Answer 41

proteins

Question 42

The nucleic acid _________copies DNA so __________can be made.

Answer 42

RNA, proteins

Question 43

_____________are subunits making up nucleic acid.

Answer 43

nucleotides

Question 44

The 3 parts of a nucleotide are a 5 carbon ______, a phosphate, and a nitrogen _________.

Answer 44

sugar, base

Question 45

___________is a high energy molecule made from a _________with_____________phosphates.

Answer 45

ATP,nucleotide,three

Question 46

Give the symbols for the elements that make up each of the following: carbohydrate_____ lipids______DNA________proteins__________

Answer 46

CHO, CHO, CHON P, CHON

Question 47

Name the 4 classes of macromolecules and give a function for each.

Answer 47

carbohydrate - structural support lipids- waxy covering for plants proteins- build cells nucleic acid-carry genetic info

Question 48

Name the subunits that make up each of the macromolecules.

Answer 48

carbohydrate-monosaccharides lipids- phospholipids proteins- amino acids nucleic acids- nucleotides

Question 49

enzymes can be denatured (unfolded) by what environmental factors?

Answer 49

heat; a change in ph from neutral

Question 50

What process is used to link amino acids together?

Answer 50

condensation

Question 51

Name the bonds found between amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Answer 51

peptide bonds

Question 52

Explain the difference between a disaccharide and a polysaccharide. Give an example of each.

Answer 52

Disaccharide is a double sugar (sugar) and polysaccharides are long chains ( cellulose)

Question 53

What two functional groups are found in amino acids?

Answer 53

carboxyl and amino groups

Question 54

Why are enzymes important to organisms?

Answer 54

they control different functions of the cells

Question 55

Name the subunits that make up fats.

Answer 55

Triglycerides

Question 56

What alcohol is found in a triglyceride?

Answer 56

glycerol

Question 57

What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 57

saturated - only single bonds between carbons | unsaturated - contain at least one double bond between carbons