Macromolecules: Lipids

Question 1

What type of monomers do Lipids have

Answer 1

They don’t have ‘one’ type of monomer

Question 2

Common properties

Answer 2

Lots of Carbons and Hydrogens, little Oxygen

Question 3

Are Lipids hydrophobic or Hydrophilic

Answer 3

Hydrophobic

Question 4

What do hydrocarbons do

Answer 4

help build lipids

Question 5

What are fatty acids

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons + Carboxyl group

Question 6

Isoprenoids

Answer 6

Hydrocarbon Chains

Question 7

Cis Fats

Answer 7

Hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond causing a bend in the chain

Question 8

Trans Fats

Answer 8

Hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the double bonds causing a straight chain

Question 9

The 3 Main Types of Lipids

Answer 9

1) Fats and Oils
2) Steroids
3)Phospholipids

Question 10

A common type of fat

Answer 10

Triglyceride

Question 11

Fats and Oils are made of

Answer 11

A Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains linked via Ester linkage

Question 12

Saturated Fats

Answer 12

No double Bonds. Solid, usually mammalian

Question 13

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 13

Double Bonds. Liquids, usually plant or fish

Question 14

Why are Fats so good for long term energy storage

Answer 14

Carbon + Hydrogen bonds store lots of potential energy

Question 15

How are fats and oils made

Answer 15

Through Condensation and Dehydration reactions

Question 16

How do fats and oils differ between themselves

Answer 16

Different number of carbons, position of double bonds, bond configuration

Question 17

What impacts the functional properties of fats

Answer 17

Fatty acid chain bonds

Question 17

Steroid basic structure

Answer 17

A fatty acid chain folded into a bulky four ring structure

Question 18

Amphipathic

Answer 18

Hydrophobic region and Hydrophilic region

Question 19

Cholesterol

Answer 19

Important component of cell membranes

Question 20

Hormones

Answer 20

Important signaling molecules

Question 21

Phospholipid common structure

Answer 21

Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, linked by phosphate group

Question 22

Micelles

Answer 22

One layered phospholipid

Question 22

Which part of phospholipids like water

Answer 22

The heads do, the tails don’t

Question 22

Which lipids are amphipathic

Answer 22

All phospholipids, some steroids

Question 23

Lipid Bilayer

Answer 23

Two layered phospholipid

Question 24

Lipid Bilayer is the basis for

Answer 24

All cell membranes

Question 25

Main components of the cell membrane

Answer 25

Phospholipids, proteins, cytoskeleton, and glycoprotein

Question 26

Types of membrane proteins

Answer 26

Integral and peripheral

Question 27

Integral proteins

Answer 27

Integrated into structure, amphipathic, all along the membrane

Question 28

Peripheral protein

Answer 28

studded on surface the surface of the membrane

Question 29

Cytoskeleton

Answer 29

holds proteins in place

Question 30

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

Answer 30

Key signaling molecules

Question 31

Cell membranes are selectively permeable. This means...

Answer 31

They keep damaging materials out and needed materials in. They facilitate chemical reactions needed to live.

Question 32

Cell membranes self organize because

Answer 32

They are amphipathic

Question 33

Factors that impact permeability

Answer 33

Charge and Polarity

Question 34

Factors that impact Barrier permeability

Answer 34

1) Number of double bonds in the tail 2) length of tail 3) Number of cholesterol molecules in membrane 4) Environmental temperature

Question 35

How does Cholesterol help stabilize cell membranes

Answer 35

Helps fill the gaps between the hydrocarbon tail Increases density of the hydrophobic layer

Question 36

Passive Transport means

Answer 36

No energy needed

Question 37

Active transport means

Answer 37

Energy is needed, usually ATP

Question 38

Diffusion

Answer 38

High concentration of molecules moves to low concentration of molecules. This is fueled by Entropy

Question 39

Osmosis

Answer 39

The diffusion of water. Water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 40

If solute is high, free water is _____

Answer 40

Low and vice versa

Question 41

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 41

Higher solute concentration outside the cell, so water leaves the cell, so the cell shrinks

Question 42

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 42

Lower Solute concentration outside the cell, so water enters the cell, cell swells and may burst

Question 43

Isotonic solution

Answer 43

Solute inside and outside the cell has equal concentration, so nothing happens

Question 44

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 44

Integral proteins form a tunnel that allows the passage of some molecules that otherwise wouldn't be able to diffuse

Question 45

Channel proteins can be _______

Answer 45

Gated

Question 46

What does Active Transport do

Answer 46

moves molecules against their concentration gradient