Macromolecules- unit 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What elements do proteins contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty acids
What elements do carbs contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What elements do nucleic acids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What elements do lipids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the function of carbs?
main source of energy, used for structural purposes in plant cells
What is the function of lipids?
used to store long term energy, forms cell membranes, and waterproof coverings (protection)
What is the function of nucleic acids?
to store and transmit hereditary or genetic information
What is the function of proteins?
control the rate of reactions/enzymes and regulate cell processes, transport substances in/out of cells
Is glucose a monomer or polymer?
Monomer
What is an organic compound?
A compound that contains CARBON.
How do macromolecules form?
By polymerization
What is a monosaccharide?
A carb that consists of one unit of sugar.
What is a disaccharide?
A carb that consists of 2 units of sugar.
What is a polysaccharide?
A complex carb with many sugar units.
What are examples of of monosaccharides?
glucose, deoxyribose, ribose, fructose
What are examples of disaccharides?
sucrose (glucose+fructose), lactose (glucose+galactose), maltose (glucose+glucose)
What are examples of polysaccharides?
starch, glycogen, cellulose
What are the 3 main types of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids/waxes
What is a difference between DNA and RNA?
-DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded.
-DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.
