Macronutrients and Metabolism, Starvation and Refeeding

Question 1

catabolism

Answer 1

burning/breaking down

Question 2

anabolic

Answer 2

building up

Question 3

3 stages of catabolism of food

Answer 3

1. break down into monomers
2. convert monomers to acetyl coA or another piece of citric acid cycle
3. feed into the citric acid cycle and gain energy

Question 4

3 stages of anabolism

Answer 4

1. produce precursors such as aa, monosaccharides and nucleotides
2. activation of those precursors into reactive forms using ATP phosphorylation energy
3. assemble activated precursors into complex molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and NA

Question 5

3 examples of complex carbs

Answer 5

cellulose, starches, glycogen - have more fiber and higher nutritional value

Question 6

2 examples of simple carbs

Answer 6

glucose - monosaccharide, sucrose - disaccharide

Question 7

what are linoleic and linolenic acids modified to make?

Answer 7

eicosanoids

Question 8

what do eicosanoids effect

Answer 8

inflammation and other cell functions

Question 9

is linoleic (w-6) usually Add to dictionary?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what is linolenic (w3) usually?

Answer 10

anti-inflammatory

Question 11

lipoids

Answer 11

molecules formed from linoleic acid(w6), Add to dictionary

Question 12

resolvins

Answer 12

formed from linoleic acid (w6), down regulate inflammation especially in the presence of ASA

Question 13

endocannabinoids effect what

Answer 13

affecting appetite, pain sensation mood and memory

Question 14

what forms lipid rafts?

Answer 14

linoleic and linoleic acids

Question 15

examples of omega 3 foods

Answer 15

sardines, salmon, flax seed, walnuts etc..

Question 16

What specific pt populations may benefit from omega 3 rich diet?

Answer 16

depressed, inflammatory problems (CVD, fatigue, dry itchy skin, jt pain), DM2, brittle hair and nails, inability to concentrate

Question 17

how many essential aa are there?

Answer 17

9 , example tryptophan

Question 18

what is an example of a conditional aa?

Answer 18

tyrosine

Question 19

what is a conditional aa?

Answer 19

aa that can be made, but not fast enough.. these become essential in times of illness stress or poor nutrition

Question 20

how many calories recommended from fat?

Answer 20

less than 1/3

Question 21

what is PRO recommendation

Answer 21

55-75 grams

Question 22

what is sodium recommendation

Answer 22

less than 2300mg per day

Question 23

what are 3 main factors that play into perceiving hunger

Answer 23

increases plasma glucose, stress, conditioned response

Question 24

in the absorptive state is anabolism or catabolism rate higher?

Answer 24

anabolism

Question 25

t/f the absorptive state is insulin dominant

Answer 25

true

Question 26

besides storing chylomicrons what other roles do they play?

Answer 26

burned for energy in liver, muscle, and fat cells

Question 27

during the absorptive state what converts glucose into TG

Answer 27

liver AND FAT CELLS THEMSELVES

Question 28

post absorptive state is aka

Answer 28

fasting state

Question 29

when does post absorptive state occur?

Answer 29

3-5 hours after absorption

Question 30

what glucose level is normal or maintained

Answer 30

70-110mg / dl