MAD Flashcards by GARIGUEZ, Hannah Jade E.

Android has a significant market share in the mobile OS market. It’s used
by billions of people worldwide, making it a lucrative platform for developers
to reach a wide audience.

MArket Share

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refers to the process of creating software
applications specifically designed to run on
Android-powered devices, such as smartphones
and tablets

Android mobile application development

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*Release Date: September 23, 2008
*API Level: 1
*Notable Features:
* Basic smartphone functions like
calling, messaging, and web
browsing.
* Integration with Google services like
Gmail, Google Maps, and Google
Search.
* Support for third-party applications
through the Android Market.
* Limited customization options for
wallpapers and widgets.

Android 1.0

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Release Date: February 9, 2009
*API Level: 2
*Notable Features:
* Bug fixes and minor updates.
* Improved Google services integration.

Android 1.1

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Release Date: April 27, 2009
*API Level: 3
*Notable Features:
* On-screen keyboard with text
prediction.
* Video recording and playback.
* Widgets for the home screen.
* Copy-paste functionality.
* Bluetooth A2DP support.

Android 1.5 Cupcake

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Release Date: September 15, 2009
*API Level: 4
*Notable Features:
* Improved Android Market with
screenshots and app descriptions.
* Voice and text search within the
system.
* Support for different screen sizes
and resolutions.

Android 1.6 Donut

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Release Date: October 26, 2009 (2.0)
and January 12, 2010 (2.1)
*API Levels: 5-7
*Notable Features:
* Expanded support for various
screen sizes and resolutions.
* Enhanced camera features like
digital zoom and flash support.
* HTML5 support in the web browser.
* Microsoft Exchange email support.
* Introduction of live wallpapers.

Android 2.0-2.1 Eclair

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Release Date: May 20, 2010
*API Level: 8
*Notable Features:
* Improved performance and speed.
* USB and Wi-Fi tethering.
* Adobe Flash support in the web
browser.
* Enhanced Microsoft Exchange support.
* Voice dialing over Bluetooth

Android 2.2 Froyo

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Release Date: February 22, 2011 (3.0) and July
15, 2011 (3.2)
*API Levels: 11-13
*Notable Features:
* Specifically designed for tablets
with a tablet-centric user interface.
* Support for multicore processors.
* Improved task-switching and multitasking.
* Hardware acceleration for smoother
graphics.
* Redesigned keyboard and text selection

Android 3.0-3.2 Honey Comb

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Release Date: October 18, 2011
*API Level: 14
*Notable Features:
* Unified user interface for smartphones
* and tablets.
* Enhanced multitasking and notifications.
* Face Unlock for device security.
* Introduction of Android Beam for
* NFC-based data sharing.

Android 4.0 Ice cream sandwich

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Release Date: December 6, 2010 (2.3) and
February 9, 2011 (2.3.3)
*API Levels: 9-10
*Notable Features:
* Improved user interface with refined icons
and animations.
* Support for Near Field Communication
(NFC).
* Enhanced copy and paste functionality.
* Internet calling (VoIP/SIP) support.
* Native support for front-facing cameras.

Android 2.3 Gingerbread

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*Release Date: July 9, 2012 (4.1), November 13,
2012 (4.2), and July 24, 2013 (4.3)
*API Levels: 15-18
*Notable Features:
* Google Now for personalized information
and assistance.
* Expandable notifications with
actionable tasks.
* Gesture-based typing.
* Restricted profiles for tablets.
* Bluetooth Smart (Low Energy) support.

Android 4.1-4.3 Jelly Bean

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*Release Date: October 31, 2013
*API Level: 19
*Notable Features:
* Enhanced performance and lower
memory requirements.
* Integration of Google Now as a voiceactivated assistant.
* Immersive mode for full-screen apps.
* Built-in printing support.
* Caller ID and prioritized contact lists.

Android 4.4 kitkat

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Release Date: August 22, 2016 (7.0) and
October 4, 2016 (7.1)
*API Levels: 24-25
*Notable Features:
* Multi-window mode for improved
multitasking.
* Improved notification system with direct
reply and bundled notifications.
* Quick Settings customization.
* Daydream VR platform introduced.
* Enhanced data saver mode.

Adnroid 7.0 - 7.1 Nougat

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Release Date: November 12, 2014 (5.0) and
March 9, 2015 (5.1)
*API Levels: 21-22
*Notable Features:
* Material Design for a consistent and
visually appealing UI.
* Enhanced notifications with lock screen
notifications and prioritization.
* Battery-saving features with Project Volta.
* ART (Android Runtime) as the default
runtime for improved app performance.
* Multi-user support on tablets.

Adnroid 5.0-5.1 Lollipop

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Release Date: October 5, 2015
*API Level: 23
*Notable Features:
* Runtime permissions for users to grant
permissions on-demand.
* Doze mode for improved battery life.
* App standby to reduce battery drain.
* Fingerprint sensor support.
* Native support for USB Type-C.

Android 6.0 marshmallow

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*Release Date: August 21, 2017 (8.0) and
December 5, 2017 (8.1)
*API Levels: 26-27
*Notable Features:
* Picture-in-picture mode for video
playback.
* Notification dots for app notifications.
* Autofill framework for easier form filling.
* Project Treble for easier device
updates.
* Improved battery life management.

Android 8.0-8.1 Oreo

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Release Date: August 6, 2018
*API Level: 28
*Notable Features:
* Gesture-based navigation system.
* Adaptive Battery and Adaptive Brightness
for smarter power management.
* Slices API for interactive and dynamic
app content.
* Digital Wellbeing features for screen time
tracking and app usage management.
* Enhanced security and privacy controls

Android 9.0 Pie

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*Release Date: September 3, 2019
*API Level: 29
*Notable Features:
* System-wide dark mode.
* Enhanced privacy settings and
controls.
* Live Caption for real-time captions for
videos and audio.
* Gesture navigation system as the
default.
* Focus mode for reducing distractions.

Android 10 Q

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Release Date: September 8, 2020
*API Level: 30
*Notable Features:
* Conversation notifications for better
communication management.
* Bubbles for multi-tasking with chat
apps.
* One-time permissions for enhanced
user privacy.
* Built-in screen recording.
* 5G support and improved device
control.

Android 11 Red vzelvet

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Release Date: 2021
*API Level: 31-32
*Notable Features (features based on prerelease information; actual features may vary):
* Material You design for greater UI
customization.
* Improved performance and battery life.
* Enhanced privacy dashboard.
* Haptic feedback improvements.
* Improved support for foldable devices.

Android 12 Snow cone

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a set of libraries written in C/C++ that developers
can use to access device functions and build efficient apps

Libraries

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*Release Date: August 2022.
*API Level: 33
*Notable Features (features based on prerelease information; actual features may
vary):
* Opt-in permissions for notifications,
media, and locations.
* Android 13 has per-app language
settings.
* Dynamic Material You icons are
available on third-party apps.
* Android 13 adds a seven-day privacy
dashboard.

Android 13 Tiramisu

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providing core system
services such as hardware abstraction, memory management, and process
management

Linux Kernel

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provides high-level services, such as activity management, user interface controls, and content providers, that developers can leverage to build their apps.

Application Framework

is the runtime environment that executes Android applications. It compiles app code into native code for improved performance.

Android Runtime(ART)

represent the UI of an Android app. They manage user interactions and typically correspond to screens or windows

Activities

background tasks that can run without a user interface. They perform tasks like handling network requests or playing music in the background.

Sevices

manage the app's data and allow data sharing between apps. They are often used to interact with databases or expose data to other apps.

COntent Provider

: Android UIs are typically defined using XML files, which describe the layout and appearance of screens.

XML Layout

listen for system-wide broadcast messages or intents. They allow apps to respond to events like incoming calls or battery low warnings

Broadcast receivers

test their apps on various virtual devices with different configurations.

Android Emulator

the primary platform for distributing Android apps to users. Developers need to follow Google's guidelines for app submission.

Google Playstore

are used to organize the app's UI into screens and components.

Activities and fragments

are used to organize the app's UI into screens and components.

Activities and fragments

Android provides a wide range of UI widgets, such as buttons, text fields, and image views, that developers can use to build the app's interface.

Widgets

designed to support a wide range of devices, from smartphones and tablets to smart TVs and IoT devices, making it a versatile platform for both developers and users.

Android Architecture

, the world's most popular mobile operating system

Android

a crucial component of the Android operating system, serving as the core layer that interacts directly with the hardware and provides essential services and functionality.

Linux KErnel

. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware components of the device (such as the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices) and the higher-level software layers.

Hardware Abstraction

It controls how memory is allocated to processes and ensures that one process cannot interfere with the memory of another.

MEmory MAnagement

It ensures that processes and applications can only access resources and perform actions for which they have proper permissions.

Security and Permission

s a critical task of the Linux Kernel. It handles the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.

Process Management

software components that enable communication between the Kernel and hardware devices.

Device Driver

features in the Kernel are essential for optimizing battery life on mobile devices

Power management

The Linux Kernel supports various file systems, including Ext4 (the default for Android), FAT, NTFS, and more. This support is crucial for managing storage devices and file access by applications.

File system support

Android applications often need to communicate with one another

Interprocess Comunication

is a subset of the OpenGL graphics rendering API. It allows Android to leverage hardware acceleration for 2D and 3D graphics rendering

OpenGL ES

is a lightweight relational database management system. It is integrated into Android as a platform library and provides a structured and efficient way to store and retrieve data for Android applications.

SQ Lite

the Linux Kernel can be configured to support real-time features in embedded and specialized systems, where precise timing and predictability are essential

Real Time Features

an open-source web rendering engine.

Webkit

consists of platform libraries and services for handling multimedia content, including audio and video playback, recording, and streaming.

Media Framework

responsible for managing the display subsystem in Android. It enables the composition and rendering of graphical elements on the screen.

Surface Manager

is a C library developed specifically for Android. It provides a subset of the standard C library functions tailored to the needs of the Android platform

Bionic Library

These libraries provide secure communication over the internet by implementing encryption

SSL(Secure Socket Layer)

where application bytecode is compiled into native code during installation, further enhancing app performance.

AOT (Ahead of time)

compilation approach to convert application bytecode into native machine code at runtime, which improved execution speed

JIT(Just In Time)

s responsible for executing Android applications

Android RUntime

layer sits on top of the lower layers and provides a rich set of abstractions and services for application development.

Application Frameowrk

Enables data sharing between applications and manages access to structured data, allowing apps to securely interact with each other's data.

Content Provider

Manages the lifecycle of applications and provides a framework for user interface management, such as handling the creation and navigation of app screens.

Activity Manager

: Handles non-code resources like images, strings, and layout files, making it easier for developers to manage app resources.

Resource Manager

Manages and displays notifications to the user, providing a consistent way for apps to alert users about events or messages.

Notification manager

Manages user interface components such as layouts, views, and widgets, enabling the creation of visually appealing and interactive user interfaces.

View system

Provides access to location-based services and GPS functionality for location-aware applications.

Location manager

Manages the installation, update, and removal of applications on the device, ensuring a secure and organized app ecosystem

Package Manager

: Provides access to telephony-related services for voice and data communication, facilitating mobile communication apps

Telephony Manager

developed specifically for a particular operating system, making full use of its features and capabilities.

NAtive app

essentially mobile websites that can be accessed through a browser, but they can also be saved to the home screen for quick access.

Web App

combine elements of both native and web applications.

Hybrid App

web applications designed to provide a native app-like experience on the web

Progressive Web App

developed using frameworks that enable code sharing across multiple platforms, such as Android and iOS

Cross-Platform App

enable users to connect through voice, video, and text-based messaging. They often include features like voice and video calls, group

Communication app

are designed primarily for entertainment purposes.

Gaming app

facilitate communication and interaction among users

Social Media App

offer a wide range of content for leisure and enjoyment.

Entertainment App

MAD Flashcards

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